Profile of Secondary Education in Kohat

Profile of Secondary Education in KohatEducation is basic in the spirit of man, which is able to sharpen his faculties of soul, and helps to grow harmoniously. This also helps to grow harmoniously in every(prenominal) sphere of life-Physical, intellectual social and emotional. Education plays vital role in the progress of a country. Education is a life long investment in human resources development. The spirit and quantity of educated manpower determine the military strength of a nation. All develop and educated countries have recognized the demand of intimate relation of teaching of life and needs of the community (Singhal, 1991).All the developed countries have the strong gentility structure system in their countries. The present structure of education in Pakistan is 5+3+2+2, primary stage, pose stage and then supplementary and higher stage and at last higher education. The research determine on the basis of inessential coil winding education so that it is emphasized on substitute direct (IX-X). Secondary education is an important sub area of the entire educational system. On the one hand, it provides the middle level workforce for the economy and other it acts as a factor for the higher levels of education. Higher education, which expected to produce quality professionals in disagreeent fields, hinges on the quality of indirect education (Shah, 2007).Secondary education is a stage, where a student enters, adolescence. This is the most crucial stage of life. The basic perceptions and models of behavior start taking shape and capers of adaption with the new role in life assume critical significance (Hussain, 2003).Secondary education holds pivotal position in education system of every country, for it is terminal stage for most of students and it also serves as a linkage stage between elementary stage and higher education. It provides input for higher education and thus quality of higher education is dependant upon secondary education (AIOU, 1997). In Pakistan it consists of four classes, 9th and tenth secondary education, and 11th and 12th higher secondary education. Secondary education (IX-XII) is an important sub- welkin of the entire educational system. On the one hand, it provides the middle level work force for the economy and on the other it acts as a feeder for the higher levels of education. Higher education which is expected to produces quality professionals in resistent fields hinges on the quality of secondary education. This level of education, therefore, needs to be revamped in such a trend that it prepares young men and women for the pursuit of higher education as well as prepares them to adjust to their operable lives meaningfully and productively (Govt. of Pakistan, 1998).Khaliq (2000) proposed that Students have small problems, which can be solved with much less money and effort if identified earlier. If they are left unattended, they not only hinder the children in their classroom achievement but also become serious emotional problems later on. The most common problems at the secondary education levels are (a) Educational Problems (b) Financial Problems (c) Home appointment (d) Vocational Adjustment (e) Health Adjustment and (f) Personal and Social Problems.It is a fact that destiny of nation is shaped in the classrooms. This implies that education is the main source of progress and development. It can be said without hesitation that education is mostly responsible for the incoming of Pakistan. Through education, nation building process for the future citizens of the country is taken place. From this point of view, a lot of responsibilities lie with the educationist and the quality of education. Therefore, the education mustiness be qualitative so that the students should develop necessary knowledge, skills, and attitude to perform their duties effectively. It is in this context that quality education becomes the most important ingredient to erect the quality of life in any country. It is so worthwhile to raise some issues in this regard and think of their solution.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMThe present study was therefore conducted to problem and prospects of secondary education at district Kohat.OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYThe main objectives of the study wereTo determine the present profile of secondary education in Kohat.To determine the needs of teachers for the secondary education.To determine the needs of students for the secondary education.SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYThis study will help us to know about the study problems faced by secondary teachers. The most common problems at the secondary education levels are (a) Educational Problems (b) Financial Problems (c) Home Adjustment (d) Vocational Adjustment (e) Health Adjustment and (f) Personal and Social Problems.METHODS AND PROCEDUREPOPULATIONAll the secondary schools in habitual sector of district Kohat, their heads, secondary school teachers and students of 10th class constituted the population of the study.SAMPLERandom sampling technique was usaged and description of sample was as followed.Sample of SchoolsTotal twenty-four secondary schools in public sector were randomly selected. The proportion of boys and girls schools was fifty- fifty.Sample of HeadsAll the heads of already sampled twenty-four secondary schools of public (the proportion of public sector schools of boys and girls schools was equal) include in sample.Sample of TeachersForty-eight teachers teaching secondary classes were randomly selected in which proportion of male womanish teachers was fifty fifty. In such a way that from each sample district, the proportion of the public male and female teachers was equal.Sample of StudentsOne hundred and twenty students were randomly selected in which proportion of male female students was fifty fifty. In such a way that from each sample district the proportion of the public and tete-a-tete and male and female students were equal.RESEARCH INSTRUMENTSThe research worker hustling three questionnaires using five-point scale. Questionnaires were used as a research instruments..Questionnaire for Heads of Secondary Schools.Questionnaire for Teachers of Secondary Schools.Questionnaire for Students of Secondary Schools. data COLLECTIONThe investigator started data order process w.e.f 5th January, 2008 by visiting each sampled school and administering the questionnaire in person. It took about three months to collect data from the selected sample. The response rate was 100 percent.DATA ANALYSISData collected through above-mentioned instruments were tabulated, analyzed and see category-wise as principals, teachers and students. To analyze the data, chi square and percentage were used.For statistical treatment chi-square was employ using the following formula= (Garrett, 1997)On the basis of the analysis and rendering of data, conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made.RESULTSThis chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of da ta. The data collected through research instruments were tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted in the light of the objectives of the study by using chi-square.The above tables indicate the demographic position of public managed schools. The academic and professional qualifications of both heads and teachers of public sector schools are better. The average enrollment per sampled school of public sector was 158. Average teacher student ratio in public schools was 170..Table 2 indicates that the 2 values for all six administrative aspects of public schools head are greater than the critical value at 0.05 levels. Involvement of staff in decision making differed importantly in prefer of public schools heads in the category of strongly agree. Head likes to be a part of team with confidential information teachers does not differed significantly in favour of public schools heads in the category of strongly agree. The aspect of well organization of tasks was found differed significantly in favour of public heads in the category of strongly disagree. The fair selection procedure for recruitment of teachers differed significantly in favour of public schools. The coordination among the administrative staff differed significantly in does not favour of public schools heads in the category of strongly agree. Whereas, the teachers having control everywhere subject matter differed significantly in favour of public schools heads in the category of strongly agree.Job security for teachers is ensuredLesson planning is done by teachers regularly.Attention is given to the character building of students.Teachers are well prepared before taking the class.The students compete well with the students.School environment is suitable for teaching.Table 3 exhibits that the obtained 2 value is greater than the critical value at 0.05 levels as the frequency of responses of public and schools heads about four aspects. Ensuring job security for teachers differed significantly in favour of p ublic schools heads in the category of strongly agrees. Teachers having command over teaching methodology differed significantly in favour of public schools heads in the category of strongly agree. Giving attention to the character building of students differ significantly. School providing quality education differed significantly in favour of public schools heads in the category of strongly agrees. Students competing well with other students do not differ significantly. Keeping schools environment suitable for teaching differed significantly in favour of public schools heads in the category of strongly agree.CONCLUSIONOn the basis of interpretation and finding of data following conclusion were drawnThe demographic data of study revealed that private sector schools had actually less number of students and teachers at secondary level as compared to public sector schools. The results of 10th class students in boards examinations of private schools were better than government schools. With respect to ownership of building almost 98% public sector schools had their own buildings while majority of private schools were running in rented buildings. In public schools, student teacher ratio was higher than private schools.The quality of education is the most burning issue of the day. Administration is considered to be the most important ingredient of any organization, for it serves as the asset for the most forward assets of the nations which are educational institutions. The entire study revealed that heads of private sector secondary schools were better than heads of public sector secondary schools regarding involvement of other staff in decision making, keeping themselves as a part of team while leading them and carrying out the tasks in a well- organized fashion. But the heads of public sector secondary schools were more qualified academically as well as professionally having more administrative experience as compared to private sector secondary schools heads.It i s no more rhetoric but a time tested reality that destiny of the nations is shaped in classrooms. It means that teachers are the central strain in education system of any country. The present research found that teachers of public secondary schools were more qualified academically as well as professionally having command over teaching methodology as compared to the teachers of private secondary schools.Head teachers management aspects were found better in privately managed schools for the aspects of comely a part of team well arranged tasks, and coordination among administrative staff. Whereas the aspects of involving staff in decision making, keeping selection procedure fair, and observing teachers command over subject matter were found dominant in public sector schools.The quality of education is intrinsically integrated and directly proportional to the quality of infrastructure. The physiological facilities hold paramount position in educational institutions. It was found that position of physical facilities was better in public secondary schools than in private secondary schools with respect to buildings, libraries, play grounds, furniture while position of private sector secondary schools was better in availability of computer labs and gas facilities.The quality of education also owes a lot to the quality of supervision. It was found head teachers of private schools were better for having observing timing, and maintaining teacher student ratio. Whereas arranging sports and game, keeping fair estimation procedure and merit based admission were found dominant at public sector schools management.RECOMMENDATIONSOn the basis of analysis of data, findings and conclusions the following recommendations are offered.The enrollment of students was higher in public sector than private sector. It is therefore recommended to establish more schools in the public sector. School mapping kept in mind before establishing new schools. The heads and teachers of schools sh ould take such necessary actions which may help to raise academic standard of these schools. The heads of public schools should take serious consideration of the problem of their low pass percentage. Teachers of public schools may be made accountable for their poor result in examinations. They must also be rewarded with incentives for showing intelligent results. Teachers of both systems should be given opportunities for regular in-service training in order to improve their teaching methodology. Libraries of public and private schools should be kept well well-kept and all necessary books be available and students and teachers should be encouraged to get benefit from their library. All necessary educational facilities such as well maintain buildings science laboratories with standardized apparatus and needed audio visual aids be provided and maintained by school management. Teachers should be encouraged to make use of A.V. aids more and more to make teaching process more effective. The school curriculum should be updated according to the emerging needs of the society and it should be revised regularly. The study indicates that due consideration was not given to merit in student admission procedure. Merit should be the sole consideration for insertion to private institutions. Access to higher education, is recommended to base on entry tests that measure the aptitude and ability of suitable candidates for higher learning. The services of National Testing service be utilized for construction of valid and reliable tests at secondary level.AUTHORS INFORMATIONDr. Sajjad Hayat AkhtarDr. Muhammad Naseer-Ud-DinDr. Ali MurtazaDr Hafiz HameedUllah