Key Dimensions of National Culture in Saudi Arabia using Hofstede Research Paper

Key Dimensions of National refinement in Saudi Arabia using Hofstede Model - Research Paper ExampleUncertainty Avoidance The day to day production line of Saudi Arabia is also grandly influenced by Islamic principles which we will analyze in the light of Hofstede model. Geert Hofstede used 5 dimensions to analyze the culture of various countries these dimensions being military force distance individualism, maleness/femininity, uncertainty avoidance and long term orientation. Hofstede analysis for Saudi Arabia validates that their Muslim faith plays a monumental role in peoples lives. (Hofstede, 1980) Their business culture puts a great emphasise on personal relationships between business associates. The Saudis prefer to do business with their family members, friends or those they are quiet old(prenominal) with. This shows that they like to be in their comfort z one(a)s, and do not trust people easily dapple doing business. Saudis like to have rigid codes of belief and behavior s and are intolerant of unorthodox behavior and ideas. For example, they do not approve of any unMuslim habits or behaviors like drinking alcohol, eating pork, womenizing, gambling etc. This also gives an discernment on the uncertainty avoidance of Saudis, which is 80 and it indicates that they prefer to avoid uncertainty in life. While doing business with familiar people, they can avoid the risk of working with someone entirely new. They have strict islamic punishments for theft, rape, murder and other crimes to put an iron hand on criminals. They have conservative dress codes in business and do not approve of modern attires. They are in truth risk averse in nature and avoid changes. By having rigid codes of conducts, laws, regulations, and rules they ensure that there is least amount of uncertainty and the unheralded do not happen. Power distance Saudi Arabia works in a high power distance community. Power is distributed ineuqally and there are vertical organizational structure. (Doing business in Saudi Arabia, online) Saudia is one of the few countries in the world, where the greatest power lies in the royal palace. Their king has the most authority in the country. Their stigma of 95 (Hofstede, 1980) on power distance indicates that the people accept their strict hierarichal model and do not object the unequal distribution of power. The power is usually central and most decisions are make at the top level, which are then filtered down with clear and exact directions to subordinates. The subordinates are much less(prenominal) empowered as compared to other cultures, and they do not have authority to make decisions. This shows their tendency to make to tradional values and unacceptibility for modern menthods of business and governance. Collectivistic Society Saudis muslim faith compels them to stick to their families. A great emphasize on the family values is given in islam. Saudis value their families and friends, and deem them to be the most main(preno minal) aspects of their lives. Their decisions are largely influenced by the social setting they live in, and the responsibilities they have as family members. With a score of 25, they are very collectivistic society. They are driven by long term commitments in the work out of groups. These groups consists of family, extended family and friends. Because of their muslim faith, loyalty and strong relationships with their family and friends is very important. As Islam considers all muslims as brothers and sisters, Saudis are very committed towards their fellow muslims. Maculinity Goverened by their faith, women are given great respect

Alzheimer's Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Alzheimers Disease - Essay ExampleAfter a few minutes, she inquired again approximately my finals. This occurred throughout the conversation. I thought it was a quirk of age progression, but, as the months passed and the signs worsened, I learned just how bad it was. The following months were much the same, except the moments of memory loss increase and began to include repeated questions. It was difficult for me not to lose my patience as I found myself continually providing the same answers. My mother was growing increasingly frustrated at being unable to remember say or asking something just minutes prior. It seemed that her entire mood had changed, and she went from pleasant to bitter. When she called me early one morning, she was fantastic with anger, so much to the point that it took some time to calm her down before I could let out out what had upset her. She had gotten lost on her way to the grocery store, a trip that she had made hebdomadally for as long as I could reme mber. Through my direction, she was able to get home, but then proclaimed a new problem she lost her keys. It wholly took moments to deduce that she had tucked them into her purse. It was after that experience that I persuaded my mother to see a doctor. The changes in her memory and mood had come too rapidly, and I halt assuming that they were merely traits of aging. I accompanied my mother to her appointment, perhaps already aware on an unconscious level what the doctor would tell me. When he concluded that my mother was succumbing to the effects of Alzheimers disease, I was not as surprised as I had expected myself to be. The doctor informed me of the devastating journey ahead, so when I got home, I called my mothers sister and we began to make preparations to ensure that my mother would have somebody with her at all times to help her as more symptoms presented themselves. After I moved guts home and my aunt followed suit, I was able to see the depths of the degeneration of my mothers health. Living with her necessary constant care, and the tasks of keeping up with her were weighing heavily on my aunt. Only a few years younger than my mother, Aunt Carol was worried that she would soon develop Alzheimers. For her, watching my mother meant watching her potency future, and she often needed my support as we helped my mother with her daily chores and activities. The doctor had warned us what to expect as her Alzheimers progressed, but I was no less prepared to see the dramatic changes in my mother, at a time a healthy, lively individual. Her memory worsened, causing confusion, and simple activities such as getting dressed became cloggy tasks for her. My aunt and I guided my mother as much as we could, but she was unable to bonk with the new situation of her needing help with tasks that she had accomplished on her own for so many years. Her frustration grew and was only exacerbated when she could no longer recall what had initially caused her to become u pset. When I would inquire into her mood, prompting her to think about her present condition, she would provide me with scenarios that had never occurred, and I knew that she was experiencing hallucinations. These changes, while harrowing to watch, had been easy for me to handle. It was when she stopped recognizing my aunt and I, evermore asking who we were and why we had rooms in her home, that the effects of Al

My opinion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

My opinion - essay ExampleSuch technological intelligence has enabled them to be the leaders in some of the most cute brands of automobiles and machinery in the world. So dedicated in their work, the Germans always believe in perfection and competence in anything they do (Detlev 78).Interestingly, Germans are a people who talk with a lot of specificity and precision. The culture of beating approximately the bush and hiding the truth is totally news to them. Wrong a German anywhere and they shall remonstrate you on the spotIt is common to see most people in several countries proud to be associated with the histories of their countries. In America for instance, the history of the United States is something every American cherishes. On the contrary, the most Germans do not generally feel obligated to associate with the history of their country. Perhaps this is a result of the turbulent disposition of the German history. I feel a great learning opportunity exists in the analysis of the German cultural context and how the Germans have managed to hold their country together amid the turbulent nature of the present age. In any case, the whole course was a rich inundating

Religion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Religion - Research musical theme ExampleA shaman is an individual considered as having access to, and power in, the world of malevolent and charitable spirits, who normally gets into a state of trance during a ritual and practices healing and divination (Kehoe 3).Rituals play a significant role in establishing and sustaining group solidarity. In totemic communities, each descent group has a plant, animal or geographical element with which they claim descent (Baldick 33). Totems are at the backsheesh of ancestor of castes. Clan members cannot kill or devour their totem, except after one year when the clan members assembled for ceremonies in honor of the totem (Baldick 33). Totemism is a religion wherein elements of nature perform as sanctified templates for society through means of emblematic association. They express their religion by using nature as a regulate for society. Each and every descent cluster has a totem, which inhabits a dampenicular niche in nature. Also, affec tionate differences echo the natural arrangement of the environment (Baldick 34). For instance, the Ahimsa of the Hindu doctrine of nonviolence (a religion that is puff up cognize to practice Totemism) forbids the murdering of animals. Finally, totems express their religions through intimate association of friendship and defense between an individual and a natural object or a specific animal (at times, between an individual and different species of animals) the natural object can offer unique power to its holder (Baldick 34).Shamanism is comprehended by nigh individuals to be a prehistoric form of religio-magic or religion practiced by the aboriginals of the northern part of Asia and by all other aboriginals in other areas of the globe (Kehoe 56). This view is held by Kharuzin, Mikhailowski, as well as other Russian scholars (Kehoe 56). Others argue that Shamanism was merely one form of religious reflection of the cult of the northern part of

Civil Society Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Civil Society - Research Paper ExampleTherefore a civil connection let insKeeping in view the above scenario, it idler be asserted that the role of civil parliamentary procedure is extremely important as it plays the role of an umpire that functions to judge the conditions or the society. The different segments of the society which include the market, the state and the households perform their roles in an independent fashion. The civil society is the connecting link between these segments and plays its role to accommodate the interactions that exist between various segments. The reaction of civil society to any undue happening in this interaction is manifested in the form of protest. Kants opinion is that there is no universal law that sewer govern the functioning of all civil societies. Therefore, the development of a law to govern the functioning of a civil society may only regulate the societys interaction with external factors. fit to Kant, if such a universal law and a uni versal civil society were to exist it would be equal to universal peace.Civil society has also been used typically to develop humankind cerebrate and resistance to forward deliberation and thinking. This process leads to the political process of voting and hence determines individual choices. However, Habermas disagrees he believes that such open discussion do not always produce optimistic and positive results and can sometimes lead to disruptive influences. He proposes to use control over such debates in public open spaces and freedom of expression should be limited to bringing the society to a good turn.governor the civil society keeps tabs on the State and the marketplace and keeps them in check. It compares their relative acts, their performance worldwide and their performance in accordance with the prevalent laws and brings all the key points of the errors to check and balance.Activist the element of change

Mental Process Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mental Process - Research Paper ExampleIt is an operation, which has an substance on the mental contents of an individual. It can also be seen as the thinking process or the cognitive remembrance operation. Overall, it is all the different things that an individual can do with his or her mind including emotion, volition, reasoning, belief, conception, imagination, creativity, memory, introspection, and perception. 1. analyze and Contrast the Four Styles of Creative Intelligence and their Influence on Organizational Decision Making. Intuition is rivet on the production of results and is reliant on experiences in the guidance of decisions (Bara, 2010). Most people consider the implications of comprehending the yesteryear as most believe that a majority of mistakes can be escaped if one understands its historical significance. Every organization, from a perspective of business, take aims to consider patterns and exhibit caution at every turn. strategical stick outning lets organ izations prepargon for possible scenarios via the forecasting of all outcomes that atomic number 18 possible (Bara, 2010). Some of the biggest successes, as well up as failures, can be traced back to reliance on results that are past. Businesses will consider some(prenominal) factors, for example, the markets current conditions, segmentation, objectives, and experiences that it relates to in the past. The mindset of inspiration is focused on the change in society and the presentation of dedication aimed at changing results (Bara, 2010). People whose working is grounded in this mindset are imbued with positive energy and are able to remain focused, motivated, and logical. Organizations that possess this type of individual are enabled in their ability to visualize situations currently and use that as inspiration to create a positive in store(predicate) outcome. These individuals halt the ability to promote change, which could limit the organization in a number of ways (Bara, 2010 ). They have a tendency to lose focus on everyday functions, as they are highly apt at assessment of the bigger picture. The means of imagination targets artistic individuals, who enjoy writing, and show qualities of strong leaders (Brown, 2006). Individuals with this mindset show the ability to visualize various scenarios. They possess a huge impact in the process of decision making especially in organizations where there are chaotic times since they are able to visualize beyond the current situation, which gives them excellent coping skills for solution for problems. They have an ability that is rummy in their ability to remain confident and poised which rubs of on the rest of the organization. They also inspire others allowing them plan for and envision the future. One limitation is that these people are not totally focused on the present(prenominal) future, which could be problematic since all aspects should be placed in perspective (Brown, 2006). Individuals using the innov ative style tend to stick to the issues before them and on evidence (Brown, 2006). It is the most logical of the styles since it is clearly focused on evidence that is visible like data. However, this makes it impossible to see the organizations apparent vision, which it is attempting to achieve. Successful organizations need a balance of different mindsets, which are found suited well to different roles. Precision is postulate by all industries and organizations thus innovation is vital. This mindset comes

NOL Card - Change Management Case Research Paper

NOL Card - Change Management Case - query Paper Exampleto work on their technology and infrastructure designed and facilities and for this cause working on roads, building, pose areas, buses, cars, taxi is highly important that needs to be taken care off. The government has addicted the responsibly to handle the working and operations of buses, roads, and parking areas to RTA. Not only this RTA is also responsible for the barter signals, the rules and strategic planning of roads, buses, stations, etc in Dubai. NOL scorecard is designed by RTA for using different modes of travelling and parking areas that are designed by RTA. RTA is consistently working to provide ease of travelling to their citizenship and to the people that travels and visits Dubai. For this cause, they deport introduced different types of NOL card according to the need and preferences of the travelers. Not only this, but RTA has also introduced the Smart card that is more easy and reliable in use than other c ard and now RTA has also make agreements with the grocery markets and other stores and shopping outlets to use the NOL card for purchasing grocery items and others hopping items thus making the lives of their citizens more easy and comfortable.Road Transport Authority (RTA) was formed in November 2005 with the main responsibility of approach shot up with policies and strategies of transforming the transport system of Dubai. In an effort to achieve its objective RTA introduced the use of NOL cards in common transport system. This is a modern technology that uses a smart card to pay for public transport. These smart cards are of four types including red, silver, gold, and blue with each category tailor-made to fit authentic category of clientele. The use of NOL card was recognized by the government as an important tool to build up the transport sector to match international standards. This analysis used transformational part of Bruke-Litwin causal model of cheek performance and c hange in order to identify the key elements that derived the need for

CRITICALLY DISCUSS THE ROLE OF THE NURSE IN THE PROMOTION CONTINENCE I Essay

critically DISCUSS THE ROLE OF THE NURSE IN THE PROMOTION CONTINENCE I OLDER PEOPLE - study ExampleThis paper will discuss the man sequencement and rehabilitation of continence and the role nurses can licentiousness in assessment and rehabilitation.Burgio et al., (1994, cited by Shirazi et al.,) recognize four types of UI which include urge incontinence (bladder contractions are non inhibited), stress incontinence (urethra is not effectively closed during transient increases in pressure), overflow incontinence (bladder does not contract), and functional incontinence (inability or unwillingness of the person with normal bladder to reach the toilet in time). Urge incontinence occurs due to overactive detrusor muscle contacting and sending an urgent message to the brain to egest (Carr, 2004). Overflow incontinence is associated with storage due to an obstruction or a nervous system problem. usable incontinence is found in people whose mobility or cognition is impaired. Stress incon tinence occurs due to the lack in the urethral closure mechanism during episodes of raised intra-abdominal pressure such as coughing, sneezing, laughing (Dolman, 2003 cited by RNAO, 2006).While people of any age can be affected with incontinence, it becomes prominent in the immemorial people as detrusor contractile function, bladder capacity, and urinary flow rates all decline with age (Wagg, n.d.). Prostrate enlarges with age in men and this tends to dominate the behaviour of the urinary outflow tract. The bladder requires a greater contractile effort as obstructions increases.The detrusor muscle and the urethral sphincter are essential for urinary continence and micturition (expulsion). These two act together for storage and expulsion of urine. Urine is stored when the detrusor muscle relaxes and the urethral sphincter closes while voiding occurs when detrusor contracts and sphincter relaxes (Yerkes, 1998). This process of storage and voiding depends on a

A global perspective on Philadelphia Community Based Organizations Essay

A global emplacement on Philadelphia Community Based Organizations - Essay Exampledes safe, engaging and fun learning experiences to garter children and youth develop their social, emotional, physical, cultural and academic skills - Debbie Stabenow.Afterschool is the time when young slew discover their interests and strengths hat a good deal lead to decisions they will make as adults. This program will truly impact the lives of this young people with profound and positive long- term benefits. Gina Warner Executive Director Partnership for Youth Development.In most of the schools, the ringing of the 3 p.m. normally marks the end of school day activities for many students. This means that they can go home and play and the same time do whatever they please. The students end up engaging in activities that argon not productive since they endure no one to guide them. The parents who would have guided them are busy the same time either at work or pursuing further studies. In turn, th is had led to the children going through a series of poor performance. The pupils withal dont have the time to develop their potential in terms of creativity (Old yen Community Centre).The Old Pine Community Centre Afterschool Program plays the role of ensuring that the students done waste their time. This is through the provision of the essential go like the supervised and safe environment. It also provides healthy meals and snacks, academic enriching activities and supportive and caring mentors for the students. The children are also taken through exercises which ensure that they are healthy. These activities are provided to the children and family that need most the support. The function are also offered in a cost effective manner compared to the gains that the children get. The program provides the children with the clubs that enable them to interact and share their interests. The serve offered are done through qualified personnel such as the counselor or the teachers. Thi s ensures that the services are of quality and addresses the issues

To Impeach or not to Impeach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

To Impeach or non to Impeach - Essay ExampleIt is a legal proceeding founded against a government retainer by a governing body. It is applicable for the President, Vice President, and other central officers in addition to resolve in join States of Representatives. Impeachment is enacted on the basis of regular court reports. Impeachment is executed by the Senate in the United States. Impeachment can be voidable automatically a charged official is able to establish his/her naturalness in front of the Senate. The Top most judicial organizations are resolute that they cannot review such proceedings. Impeachment may be conducted by a member of legislatures. The impeachment may be activated by non-member, when the conferences of judicial commission suggest that a federal official judge liable to be impeached. Impeachment process generally is based upon a two-step approach (Shanks, 2002). The main objective of this study is to gather comprehension about the impeachment process with position reference to the scenario prevailing in the United States. The study would facilitate to find out if impeachment of federal officials is a common occurrence in the United States. ... From the analysis of the history related to impeachment, it can be give tongue to that impeachment is a common occurrence for the federal officials. It is a very common occurrence for the federal officials not from now but from early history. In recent history, there have been frequent instances of federal officials macrocosm impeached in the United States. Since the initial impeachments in the year 1986-1989, a number of cases had been reported and executed impeachment of federal officials as easy as judges. Consequently, many of these federal officials were forced to resign from the official position or they were punished under the court of law. In the year 2003, there had been 61 federal officers who were investigated due to their impeachment (Bazan, 2010). Who Was The federal official Of ficial Who Was Most Recently Impeached? Gabriel Thomas Porteous, Jr. was the federal official who was most recently impeached after(prenominal) completing sixteen years of judgment in Federal court in United States. His impeachment was performed in 2010 and after he was ejected from his position in the United States regularize Court (Memoli, 2010). Why Was He Impeached? On 8th December 2010, the Government of America found Judge Gabriel Thomas Porteous Jr. of Federal District Court to be guilty under at least one of the four related articles of impeachment and subsequently detached him from his position. Judge Porteous was the eight magistrate of federal court to be removed from his position under the charges of impeachment. He was impeached by the Senate in March 2010 on a charge of accepting money from business bulk along with assuming other favors from them. Moreover, he was charged on the grounds of intentionally deceiving the Senate as well as Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) after he

Compare and contrast the management schools of Global Convergence and Essay

Compare and contrast the management schools of Global Convergence and Global Divergence - Essay manikinInternational management involves a number of issues not present when the activities of the firm are confined to matchless country, - Armstrong says (2006, p.100). These issues comprise the variety of external organisational models, the problems of managing in opposite cultures and environments, the extent to which management policy and coif should vary in different countries, and the approaches used to manage these practices and processes. International management policies are considered taking into circular there should be convergence or divergence in the management practice adopted in overseas companies. As Rowley and Benson (2000) assert Globalisation and international trade and finance may place unanimous pressure on companies to force them to standardise practices and polices. However, local customs, institutions, and labour forces do provide serious constraints on the degree of convergence and may lead to increasing levels of divergence (p.2).In this paper we will analyze and contrast the management schools of Global Convergence and Global Divergence so that to make a certainty as to which school offers the most convincing explanation of the likely challenges faced by managers in international organisations in the future.In order to follow the Convergence versus Divergence debate it is necessary to understand a role of cultural diversity, which is a key issue in international business management. Armstrong (2006) emphasises that managers in separately country operate within a national institutional context and share a passel of cultural assumptions. Neither institutions nor cultures change quickly and rarely in ways that are the same as other countries. It follows that managers in one country behave in a way that is noticeably different from managers in other countries (p102). Hofstede (1980) identifies five dimensions of culture, which has b een adapted by Bento and Ferreira (1992) to

Illegal use of VOIP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Illegal use of VOIP - Essay suitAccording to the essay the principle behind VoIP is that victimization a computer and a microphone it is feasible to record laboured of a someone. In this process, the sound would be sampled at a very steep rate and then would be stored as files in the computer. Each of these samples is a small bit of sound by the respective person. Now the computer would be able to use these samples in such a way that a listener would be able to hear accurately what the speaker has said. In VoIP, the engagement is that the recorded samples are send through IP services to another computer placed at a distant place. So the speakers voice could be heard as such by a listener sitting at a long distance. As the paper presents VoIP arrangement could be installed in a variety of hardware systems such as a telephone. There is no pauperism of a computer in that parapraxis. Some of the VoIP providers allow a customer to contact notwithstanding a person using the sa me service. But there are providers who would allow contacting any person with a telephone number and this include land line or mobile or transnational or long distance numbers. Instead of a computer one could use a VoIP telephone for the purpose. The traditionalistic telephone available with the customer could be used for the purpose with a VoIP adapter. In this case the digital signals of sound would be converted into regular telephone signals before it reaches destination. ... So IP packets would be containing a lot of samples each with a bit of sound and together they form the entire message. If these packets are delivered in the correct time satisfactory results could be obtained. But if it is delayed, it has to be discarded. The process of compression, transmission, the processes by which it is uncompressed and delivered sop up to take place in a very less time. If the process is delayed or is not occurring according to time there would be echo or over talk (VOIP disadvanta ges, 2009).VoIP system could be installed in a variety of hardware systems such as a telephone. There is no need of a computer in that case. Some of the VoIP providers allow a customer to contact only a person using the same service. But there are providers who would allow contacting any person with a telephone number and this include land line or mobile or international or long distance numbers. Instead of a computer one could use a VoIP telephone for the purpose. The traditional telephone available with the customer could be used for the purpose with a VoIP adapter. In this case the digital signals of sound would be converted into regular telephone signals before it reaches destination. Above all these in areas where radio internet connections are possible like in airports, cafes etc, VoIP service could be availed wirelessly (Voice-Over-Internet Protocol, 2009). This makes illegal calls very well-off to be made. There is no need of spending money on expensive devices for VoIP se rvices. Without much expenditure, using the existing phone one could easily make long distance calls through VoIP and for the same intellectual it is difficult for the government to interfere to reduce such illegal practices (How does VoIP works, 2009). According to Burns (2007) in chinaware the

Contract and procurement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 11500 words

Contract and procurement - Essay ExampleThe pay backor is to carry protrude the work diligently without breaking any items or facilities of the company. The facilities are then neatly arranged in Site B just the same way they were in Site A. given Site A had a 1000 square meters of office space and Site B is 1600 square meters of office space, the facilities should be adjusted to fit the stated space.Location of workThe whole bargain ordain be performed within the devil premises. There lead be a physical movement from Site A to Site B. however, the confrontation with the contractor will take place in Site A where headquarter was initially based. This is where the signing of the contract will take place. The physical location of Site B is situated four kilometers from Site A, so the distance to be covered while moving the facilities will be considered in the contract.Period of performanceThe contract will have to be performed within a specified time. As a company, we need a fas t relocation of within two weeks inclusive of the planning of activities and executing them. Daily work will start from 8am in the morning and ends at 4pm in the evening in order to allow for expression for the next days work and alike to avoid loss of items of the company. In practice, there will only be 8 working hours allowed in a day for the contract. The billing will also be done based on the number of hours worked in a day. Any other bodily process scheduled will have to be performed within the working hours allocated.The company expects a relocation serving to be performed by the contractor. Generally, we expect the whole headquarter moved to Site B. some of the particulars to be moved hold the 15 desks in the current company three sofas, three coffee tables, ten arm chairs 15 computers between 120 to 160 cardboard boxes and 34 framed pictures. Every company item should be moved at intervals beginning with desks, computers, cardboard boxes, and framed pictures. The time allowable has been stated above.

Game theory research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

enlivened theory - Research Paper ExampleWhile doing so, the player must always think astir(predicate) the good mechanism for selling the painting in that given game. When developing much(prenominal) a game, unity may have to consider a single shot game in which each of the players is asked to states his or her sealed bid for the painting. Based on the bids presented, the painting will be given or awarded to the nearly suitable bidder or player in the game.The most straightforward way of awarding the painting would be giving it to the highest bidder and then charging him for the bid. Teo and Sethuraman however notes that taking such an approach may not been very stabilizing because the developed situation does not have any dominant strategy solution (881). In such a case, the best strategy for each of the player or bidder would be entirely dependent on what he knows or assumes about the bidding strategy which is going to be used by the different players. When the player takes a wrong assumption about the strategy that is going to be used by other(a) players, then the strategy that they will opt for will not be the best one. On the other hand, when the player makes the right assumption about the approach that is being used by the other bidders, then his strategy will be the best available one. On this basis, it is quite apparent that deciding on the value which should be placed on the bid by the bidder will always be a very big problem. The complexity of the situation will automatically result in unforeseeable behaviour in the game. Regardless of this, there are several available approaches which can be sedulous to deal with such situations just as it is effectively done in other games which lack a dominant strategy. One of the main ways through which such situations can be dealt with is the use and the applications of the Vickery auction approach.Vickery mechanism is a very common approach which is used to deal with various gaming situations which do

Climate Change and Its Impact Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Climate tack and Its Impact - Essay ExampleThe drastic and unusual takings of climate dislodge that have touch on not a few countries are the following coldest winter in UK in 2008-2009 (since 1996-1997), strong North Atlantic storm in British Isles in 2009 (disrupted king and damaged buildings), Midwest heavy rains and worst floods in June 2008 (since 1993), hurricane Omar in July 2008 with winds of 205 km/hour and ravaged a wide sports stadium for 17 days, tropical storm Fay that hit Florida four times with its 100 km/hour winds, the worst drought that hit Spain and Portugal in 2008, the worst South California wildfire that damaged an area of 8,100 hectares in April 2009, the worst Mexico drought in August 2009 that affected 3.5 million farmers, the northern Africa flooding that affected Algeria and Morocco in September to November 2008, and several others (UNEP, 2009). Due to the obvious effects of climate change that include strange and strong weather conditions, fluctuat ing temperatures, or changing seasons, states and nations, international organizations, concerned groups and individuals jaw on everyone, especially carbon emitting manufacturing and production firms, to get involved in mitigating the impact of climate change. galore(postnominal) governments have already passed laws that would address climate change concerns, and also mandated specific level of carbon sack for manufacturers and production companies. On the other hand, some governments and global or organizations provide carbon incentive to countries or corporations that comply with low-carbon emission.... re that damaged an area of 8,100 hectares in April 2009, the worst Mexico drought in August 2009 that affected 3.5 million farmers, the northern Africa flooding that affected Algeria and Morocco in September to November 2008, and several others (UNEP, 2009). Due to the obvious effects of climate change that include erratic and strong weather conditions, fluctuating temperatures, or changing seasons, states and nations, international organizations, concerned groups and individuals call on everyone, especially carbon emitting manufacturing and production firms, to get involved in mitigating the impact of climate change. Many governments have already passed laws that would address climate change concerns, and also mandated specific level of carbon emission for manufacturers and production companies. On the other hand, some governments and global or organizations provide carbon incentive to countries or corporations that comply with low-carbon emission in their activities. The United Nations has also initiated the treaty United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to enjoin compliance of member-states to the principles of UN on climate change. Fingerprint and Harbinger of Climate Change Climate change is easily identifiable with the erratic climate and weather patterns being experienced round the globe. It can be attributed to several facto rs that include increase in temperature due to the trapped heat from the sun, called the nursery effect (More on, n.d.) (see Figure 1). The trapped heat kept which is unable to escape into space kept the body politics temperature moderate to sustain life. But in the current trend, man is adding more gases into the atmosphere that dilate the temperature level (More on, n.d.). Gases released into the atmosphere that

Exercise Plan for Football Players Essay Example for Free

Exercise Plan for Football Players EssayFootball, being a truly energetic sport, means the players should stay fit and healthy.To do this they have a specific enjoyment plan, this leave ensure that the players ordain not get tired throughout the ninety minute game.In this identification I am going to devise a possible exercise and fitness plan for this sport. In it I will take on, gentle exercise, low level stretch, curl ups for abdominal vigors and mobilising exercises for shoulders and pelvic archs. I will include plans for exercises with and without the use of weights. I will add an exercise regime table.I will then estimate my work.At freshman the players will have to do a Gentle exercise to w gird up. This will help to try and prevent any injuries that may occur, whilst completing the rest of the exercise plan.At first the players will have to stretch their muscles, outset from the top of their bodies.Head and Neck Rotation.* Begin by tilting liberty chit coveri ng about.* Draw elevate up forwards and level the head.* Keeping head level, return to upright.* Tilt chin forwards, towards the chest.* Ease head bumwards, leaving chin downwards* Finish by lento raising the chin and head back to the upright position.The deep stretch Stand upright with feet articulatio coxae breadth apart. quieten fingers together behind back. Gently ease the elbows up and away from the body, until the stretch is felt. stick this for 20 to 30 seconds. shove-ups Start with your hands savorless on the floor, underneath shoulders. Support body on toes, agreeing offshoots straight. overcharge in stomach bend elbows out 90 and lower chest towards the floor. Inhaling at the same time. hale back up to the starting position whilst exhaling. Keep head level. Do not lift it to a fault high as this places a strain on the neck and can result in injury. double up this for 2 sets of 10.Latissimus Dorsi Stretch Stand with feet hip width apart pulling in the abd omen muscles. rule one weapon straight over the head, lean human faceways from the hip joint, ensuring you keep the hips level. Extend arm until a stretch is felt. Hold for 10 to 20 seconds live easily throughout. take up this stretch on the more or less other side. Repeat for 2 sets of 10 on each side.Triceps Stretch With abdominal contracted and back straight, place the fingers of one hand in between the shoulder blades. Support this arm by placing the other hand on the elbow. Apply gentle pressure by pushing the elbow down the toughie with the plunk foring hand. Feel the stretch in the back of the arm. Breathe evenly throughout. Hold this for 10 to 20 seconds. Repeat on the other side.Basic Crunch Lie on back with knees up. Feet hip width apart, abdominal sucked in and hands at side of head (Not at Back of head). pass away, squeeze up raising shoulders a little way off the ground. Hold for a moment then slowly ease down inhaling. For a more advanced stretch, lift legs off the floor whilst raising shoulders. Repeat this for 2 sets of 10.Oblique curl Lie flat on back with knees up, feet hip width apart, keep right shoulder and lower back pressed tightly into the floor. Whilst exhaling contract the abdominal and with left arm reach over to the right knee, until a stretch is felt, in the midsection whilst lifting the left shoulder slightly off the floor. Hold for a moment, then whilst inhaling lower back to floor. For a more advances stretch foster feet off floor and reach for toes. Repeat this for 2 sets of 10.Calf Stretch Standing with feet facing forwards, hip width apart, take a step forward with the right leg, keeping the knee slightly bent. urge the heel of right leg into the floor until the stretch is felt in the rear calf muscle of this leg. Hold this for 20 to 30 seconds, keeping weight centred over the hips, step backwards with the right leg to return to start position. Repeat using the other leg.Squats (Quads, Hamstrings and Gluteals. ) Stand with abdominal contracted and feet hip width apart, arms should be stretched in front. Bend at knees lowering the body and inhaling while doing so. Thighs should remain analog to the floor and head should be kept in line with the spine. Do not lean to a fault far forward as this places stress on the lower back and get throughs the exercise less effective. Hold momentarily at the bottom position then whilst exhaling return to the starting position. Repeat this 10 times.This completes the hard up exercise.For the aerobic workout, the players should jog for a minimum of thirty minutes. In this jog they should include side stepping and also skipping. After thirty minutes the pace should be reduced to a brisk locomote, this should be done for five minutes. Following the brisk walk, the pace should again be reduced to a relaxed walk this should also be done for five minutes.When the players have completed their aerobic work out a warm down should take place. In the warm down , some stretches that were used in the warm up, should be used again. Warming down is very important. If warming down does not take place, it will make the muscles feel sore and tender. It could also lead to injury.When using weight machines for exercise, you must always check that it is on the correct weight for you.Flat Dumbbell Press (Chest) This exercise can be performed on a flat of inclined bench, keep abdominal contracted and lower back flat onto the bench, take a 5kg dumbbell in each hand and hold tem in a 90 angle to your body. evoke the dumbbells in an arc above the chest until they almost touch. Return to start position. Repeat this 10 times. sit Row (Back) Take an elastic band and sit on the floor with legs extended in front. discombobulate sure back is straight and abdominal are contracted. Pull elastic with arms until there Is a slight tension in the band. Squeeze elbows slowly backwards increasing the tension in the band. Exhale as you do this. Return to start pos ition, inhaling while doing so.Lateral Pull down (Back) Before starting this exercise check the weights are at 5kgs and adjust the seat level. Sit with feet flat on the floor. abdominal contracted and back straight. Lower body is stabilised by the leg pad which rests on your thighs. substance abuse a wide over hand grip, pull down bar, to level with upper chest, exhaling. Squeeze back muscles at bottom position. Slowly return bar to the starting position, inhaling while doing so. Repeat this 10 to 20 times.Timing 4 seconds up.4 seconds down.Biceps Curl Take a 3kg Dumbbell, in your right hand, stand with feet, hip width apart and abdominal contracted. Straighten arm holding the dumbbell towards the floor. Squeeze the dumbbell up until level with the shoulder, exhaling while doing so. Momentarily squeeze your bicep at top position. In a slow controlled nominal head lower the arm to starting position. Repeat this 10 times and then swap arms.Leg Press Again check weights are at 5k gs and adjust the seat. Start with the hips and knees at 90 to your trunk with your feet flat on the foot support. Keep lower back and head in contact with the back support and grip the bars. Push your lower body up and away from the foot support slowly breathing out, make sure feet stay flat on the floor support and a stretch should be felt in the whole of the upper leg. Hold this momentarily in the top position onward slowly returning to start position, inhaling as you do so. Repeat this 20 times.This completes the warm up exercise for the exercises using weights.For this aerobic Exercise, the players should die 15 minutes jogging of Hill walking on a treadmill followed by 15 minutes on a cross trainer. After this they should then spend 10 minutes on a rowing machine, gently rowing to ease the pace.When the players have correct their aerobic workout, a warm down should take place. Again in this warm down some stretches from the warm up will be used, this will help prevent muscl e soreness or any injuries.

Effect of Online Gaming to the Students Essay Example for Free

belief of Online Gaming to the Students Essay* An online jeopardize is a television set second played over some lay down of computer network, using a personal computer or characterisation plucky console. * Online gaming is a technology rather than a genre, a mechanism for connecting players together rather than a particular recitation of gameplay. Online games are played over some form of computer network, typically on the Internet. One good of online games is the ability to connect to multiplayer games, although single-player online games are quite common as well. A second advantage of online games is that a great percentage of games dont require payment. Also third that is worth noning is the availability of wide-eyed variety of games for all figure of game players. Can telecasting games make you smarter begins with asking what youre looking to advance by compete them. Did you know that * Point scene games are fun, exactly theyre non very copious or useful. * Counterpoint One of the biggest benefits of video games and other interactive training techniques is that they offer a type of engaging and interesting activity that can process build and practice radical skills* Point Video games only train you in specific skills, which doesnt impart any greater ability to approach youthful challenges or obstacles. * Counterpoint The key here is in the design and goals of the game in question. Whatever the game aims to train is what youll learn. Games that take the problem solving puzzles and critical thinking exercises that most of us remember as schoolchildren and update them with an interactive and adult-targeted medium can still impart those skills to older players. The issue with some(prenominal) wiz training video games is that they want you to believe that youre getting smarter by increasing your cognitive ability, or somehow protecting your brain from decay or the effects of aging by playing them. That may non be true, but games c arefully designed to build problem solving, critical thinking, and reading comprehension skills impart help you build those skills.* Point If games in general can help you learn specific skills, theres no need for video games specifically. You can just pick up a crossword, textbook, or mystery unused and hone those same skills. * Counterpoint The big difference between picking up the New York Timescrossword and playing the iPhone version, or playing Scrabble at a table versus with other hatful in an internet-connected game like Words with Friends, is really in the person who plays the game. Strictly, interactive media are an artifact of our time, and appeal to people who would otherwise reject those older mediums in favor of newer ones.In addition to catering to our desire to be constantly connected and our need for immediate feedback and rapid-fire puzzles and challenges, video games resonate with us in a room that other media doesnt. That isnt to say theres no place for an old -fashioned mystery novel to challenge a endorser to decipher an authors carefully laid clues before they get to the last page, but theres certainly room for both. there Are Psychological, Physical, and Therapeutic Benefits to Video Games, Too * In addition to the benefits of learning new things and developing new skills, video gameswhen strait-lacedly appliedcan have therapeutic and mental health benefits. If you play video games as a hobby or for relaxation, you likely already know that they can help you allay stress and anxiety and help you relax.Negative effects of online gaming* Since the advent of coin operated arcade games, video games have come a long way and spread to the homes of many children and teenagers, in both positive and developing countries (Bryant Vorderer, 2006). On one hand, the fierce competitions among the gaming giants such as Nintendo, Sony, and Microsoft can be diabolic for this phenomenon while on the other hand, the internet alone is responsible fo r placing a universe full of games at arms reach of anyone with a computer and a decent internet connection. However, many games are not suitable for certain age groups. These include games which contain material that is explicit in either the lyrics of its songs, its damn and gory action scenes, or even scenes that are considered borderline pornographic (in the game Grand stealing Auto Vice City, the main character can enter strip clubs and receive lap dances) (Allofgta, 2008).Usually, many of the games containing significant amounts of violence are designed for mature audiences nevertheless, their popularity among teenagers and children, who ironically constitute the largest contributors to the profits reaped from these games, is always on the rise. In Lebanon and many other countries in the middle east, no video game rating outline or law exists, which allows children and teenagers to buy any game they want. Consequently, as Vorderer and Bryant explain (2006), young video game players may be exposed to substantially more violent content than ever before * exuberant violence in video games has many significant negative effects on children and teenagers.The nature of todays gaming market doesnt seem to help the situation at all. Every year, hundreds of new games are released into stores, adding to an already exuberant library of blood and gore, which leads to a decrease in the hurt of previous years games. In addition, since the price of CDs and game connect hardware is on the decline, it is becoming easier and more economical for children and teenagers to play these games in the harbor of their own home, instead of paying hourly fees at Local area network gaming centers* early(a) pro-violent video game activists take on a whole different approach in their defending team strategy. * Three major negative effects are manifested in the majority of gamers who play violent video games. To begin with, gamers show a weakening in their pro social behavior, which include poorerrelationships and drug related problems. Secondly, users start to exhibit violent behavior which can manifest itself in their thoughts or physically. Finally, desensitization, the loss of proper response to violent images, also lurks behind these games. * Video games are the subject of so many studies, not to mention findings. Some suggest cognitive benefits, others behavioral issues that may or may not stick around over time. Importance of the studies* The researcher also believes that not only the students go away be benefited from the findings of the study but the instructors and the faculties as well. For they will be advised what to do to give more emphasis to the studies and the learning of the students. They will have an idea on how to get the attention of the students through their studies. Students most specially who has lower grades or failing grades.Definition of TermsThere are terms of this study the student researchers defined to help the reader un derstand well the terms used. * Age. stage of life a stage or shape in the lifetime of somebody or something length of somebodys or somethings existence * Dropped. lessen to decrease to a lower level, rate, or number, or make something do this * Effects of on line games * Failed. un triple-crown unsuccessful, or not having done what is expected or needed * Gender. Gender is a range of characteristics of femininity and masculinity.1 Depending on the context, the term may refer to the sex * Passed. be successful, or declare somebody successful to be successful in a test or examination, or officially decide that somebody has been successful in a test or examination

Therefore the poet is trying to demonstrate Essay Example for Free

hence the poet is trying to demonstrate EssayHopkins was born in 1844, and died just 45 years later in 1889. He was a deeply intellectual and religious man, and became a Jesuit priest in 1877, the identical year of which he wrote Pied Beauty. In the poem, the author expresses his gratitude in God for making all the ravishing things that we right off see in this human race (assuming that what he saw is not that far off from what we now see of course) and how we should all laudation him. Significant poetic devices and their significance (eg Metaphors, symbols, rhyme scheme, form, imagery, repetition etc)Structure-based analysis 1) ludicrous rhyme scheme here. ABCABC DBEDE. Note how e truly rhyming lines are indented to the same extent. This perhaps portrays the different hierarchies of the world that we see today, whether it is caste, wealth or class. He perhaps is trying to link them all together, and express the mite that there is room for everyone in the kingdom of God, or God sees all, from the rich to the poor, no matter what your kind status.The peculiar rhyme scheme could represent the fact that we very much find God a very mysterious entity, one who works in mysterious ways. We cannot fully understand why he often does things so out of convention (ie storms, hurricanes) but they are all part of his plan to make everything work. The happen upon in the rhyme scheme illustrates the fact that God is unpredictable, when you start to understand what he does and how he works, the more he changes and does something completely different.Therefore the poet is trying to demonstrate the fact that we cannot even begin to compreh pole the belief of God, and that the only thing we are certain about him is his uncertainty. The last line in the poem praise him is indented differently from the rest of the poem, providing a very powerful message for the conclusion, as if the poet was saying Amen at the end of a prayer. 2) Iambic pentameter not used, rathe r Sprung Rhythm is used. This is a poetic rhythm designed to reproduce the rhythm of natural speech.It is constructed from feet in which the first syllable is stressed and may be followed by a varying number of unstressed syllables. In this case, the poet uses this to make his poem sound more genuine emphasizing the fact that he truly feels this sense of love towards God. The fact that it sounds like natural speech also creates a stronger empathy link with the reader and the poet, thus making it easier for the poet to get his point across.

Histology Detective and Brains Cape Essay Example for Free

Histology Detective and Brains Cape EssayThis case study foc wasting diseases on the identification of metastatic tissues cells that ar step to the fore of place causing tumors elsewhere in the body. Name the cells you identify in this sample of lung tissue and the main characteristics that you can use to distinguish them.From the observation of the sample on that point argon variety of cells which can be identified as melanocytes. The main characteristics that can be apply in distinguishing them is their attachment to the stratified squamous epithelial tissue. Moreover, they are larger and darker compared to the surrounding calls. Melanocytes are densely jammed and have only one nucleus.How did you use the main characteristics of different tissues that you learned in your lecture and science laboratory sections as the basis for identifying those cells responsible for the tumor?I applied my histology knowledge from my lectures in distinguishing the features of different c ells. I had knowledge on how melanocytes and the natural cells look like on a slide hence it was in truth easy distinguishing and describing the cells. The cells under observations were abnormal from their look. They were larger in size, darker in color and round. Moreover. Their nucleus were larger compared to the opposite nucleus of the normal cells and has less cytoplasm. The melanocytes on the slide is always darker compared to the normal cells. According to Garbe et al (2010), in that location exists significant differences between the tumor cells and the native cells since the tumor cells are widespread in the extracellular fluid, are larger, much darker and more so cube shaped. On the other hand, the native cells are packed densely, smaller, and elongated.In addition to the reading in the case presentation (including the web sites contained in the case itself), what other learning did you experience to determine the identity of the cells and whether one type of cell had migrated from elsewhere in the body? Where did you stimulate this information?What does for each one of these additive items contribute to the solution of the case? For example, the item contains data from specific tests, trials, or experiments, or presents analyses that can be used to understand the main issues in this case.The article Diagnosis and preaching of malignant melanoma European consensus- stalld interdisciplinary guideline provided experimental illustrating melanoma components. This affirmed that native cells can be differentiated from the trespassing(a) cells by features such(prenominal) as arrangement, form and color. The study used histology in identifying the invasive cells from the non-invasive ones (Garbe et al, 2010).In the NIH article, Diagnosis and manipulation of early melanoma, majorly the study was based on histology. The study distinguished full developed melanoma and the early melanoma by categorizing their histological features. Moreover, they iden tified melanoma stages and different types of melanoma with application of histology (NIH et al, 1992).In the third study, researcher physicians in two universities in three different melanoma cases of various origins in the body. However, all the characteristics of the abnormal cells were distinguished to be melanocytes. The identified abnormal features of the cells are same to the ones in this case study, hence proving that the abnormal cells observed in the lung tissue were melanocytes (Sonda et al, 2008).What other findings or information in this case are consistent with the information you located? Name those similarities in each of your superfluous resources. How do these resources apply what you have learned about identifying tissues and cells histologically?From the article I reviewed, there was proportion with the case study in many areas. First, all the studies and the case used a similar mode in diagnosing melanoma. They applied the cells histological characteristics in determining their status whether they are noninvasive or invasive cells. The characteristics identified helped in classification of the cells and in determining their origin.What findings or information in each of the additional resources are not consistent with the findings in this case? Name those differences in each of your additional resources. How do these resources apply what you have learned about identifying tissues and cells histologically?In the article Diagnosis and give-and-take of early melanoma, the study asserted that the cells making melanoma were the stratified melanoma epithelium (NIH et al, 1992). This contradicts the results of the caseIf your proposed result of the case is correct, what other observations might we expect to find in this case?Other observations we might find include metastasis of the tumor to other organs hence the patients could suffer from other compounded problems like neurological problems, digestion and bleeding.Give your solution to th is case and, on a scale of 15, rate how confident you are in your conclusions in questions 1 and 2I would rate my confidence at 5 out of 5 because of the observable characteristics of melanomaIn considering your resolution and level of confidence level from question 8, account how you located the information you used in this case.To begin the search, I started with the most comprehensive data base that is Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (NINAH) (Kennedy 2009). The search then continued to search engines such as British Nursing Index, MEDLINE. Moreover PubMed and NCBI were other major search engines which assisted some of the relevant articles. These search engines were used because they contained most of the peer review articles and books. To limit and narrow down the search for articles, inwrought searches of the databases was used by inserting full length of texts and searching the relevant articles from the list of journals displayed. Moreover, I limited myself to the legitimate articles of up to 5 yearsWhat you might do differently if you had it to do over again? For example, would you use different resources and strategies? Different information?First, I would use different relevant articles to make companions of different studies. Moreover, I would try using group work to get opinions and arguments of different group member.ReferencesGarbe, C., Peris, K., Hauschild, A., Saiag, P., Middleton, M., Spatz, A., Grob, J. J., Eggermont, A. (January 01, 2010). Diagnosis and treatment of melanoma European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline. European Journal of Cancer, 46, 2, 270-283. Retrieved from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19959353Kennedy, J. R. (2009). Library research guide to education illustrated search outline and sources. Ann Arbor, Mich, Pierian Press.NIH Consensus Development Conference on Diagnosis and Treatment of Early Melanoma, National Institutes of Health (U.S.). (1992). Diagnosis and treatment of early melanoma . Bethesda, Md U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, Office of Medical Applications of Research. Retrieved from http//consensus.nih.gov/1992/1992Melanoma088html.htmSonda, Vemon K., MD, Zager, Jonathan S., MD, Messiana, Jane L., MD. Hemonc today. (2008, Oct 10). Retrieved from http//www.hemonctoday.com/article.aspx? loose=37772Source document

Hamburger and Target Market Essay Example for Free

Hamburger and Target Market EssayThis chapter represents the introduction, statement of the problem, objectives and ambit and limitations of the study. Introduction A burger is usually defined as a sandwich consisting of a bun, a farming meat patty and a lot other ingredients such as cheese, onion slices, lettuce and other condiments. The ingredients atomic number 18 often used in combination and are usually called a cheeseburger. Although the origin of the modern yell beefburger came from the Germans, many culinary historians consider the burgers to be primarily from an American concoction. The first burgers were made from various cuts of beef strand into a manage sufficient paste but eventually on that point emerge diametrical ground meats and vegetable mixtures that have earned the right to be called burgers even in their own distinctive taste. Today, there are dozens of variations on the basic meat patty served between two slices of bread. Indeed done the years, the simple American meal called burger has transformed itself to an array of variations combining different ingredients to suite the taste of millions of mint worldwide.Tony Tan Choking, who is the CEO of Jollibee which is considered as the one of the close to popular fast-food chain in the Philippines, told in his oppugn for Business Week Asia that, hamburgers, they appeal to any culture. Taking to account that through this sumptuous dish, Jollibee was able to gain current position in the Philippine problem. At present the hamburger toppings may not vary much. Some toppings ramp up taste and may love variants of toppings like the bacon cheeseburger or the substitution of standard condiments (mayo, mustard, ketchup) with things like barbecue sauce.Arguments exist as to what condiments should exist on hamburgers, and also what other things a hamburger needs such as lettuce, tomatoes, onions and pickles. There is no hard and fast rule that requires ingredients to be combined to the more familiar and staple hamburger toppings. In fact, the present times emphasizes creativity and conception on almost anything even in the traditional hamburgers, which offers usually the same fairly blank roof of the mouth. before long an innovation on the burger recipe is viewed as means of culinary expression and counseling to create raise and new taste combinations by varying toppings.Ultimately, innovation on the traditional burger combining different ingredients together in different proportions boils down as a means to satisfy ones palate and finally ones individuality. Thus with these concept, a new business establishment that deviates from the traditional way on how burger is served has emerged. The business establishment is called Jumbleger and this paper aims to evaluate the businesss feasibleness in scathe of prat market acceptance, net gain and overall next performance. Statement of the Problem.This paper aims to evaluate the feasibility of an mod new busine ss establishment to be called Jumbleger in terms of target market acceptance, profit gain and overall future performance. Specifically it aims to answer the following sub-problems 1. Which among the following groups compose majority of the universe surveyed? a. Which of the following age groups compose majority of the universe of discourse surveyed? b. Which gender compose majority of the universe of discourse surveyed? c. Which among the different educational attainment compose majority of the population surveyed?d. Among the samples who are students, what schools are they from? f. Which among the different civil status compose majority of the population surveyed? g. Which among the different income bracket is the most common income classification of the population surveyed? 2. Is an mod new concept of a burger business significantly acceptable to the target market? a. Does majority of the population surveyed eat burgers? b. How often does the majority of the population prefer t o eat burgers? c.Does majority of the population surveyed willing to show burgers in new varieties of flavors? d. Among the business establishments who offer burgers in their menu, which is the most preferent by the population surveyed? 3. What are the ingredients most favored by the population surveyed? a. Among the different kinds of patty which is most preferred by the population surveyed? b. Which among the different kinds of sauces are most preferred by the population surveyed? c. Which among the different toppings are most preferred by the population surveyed? 4.Is the new concept burger be considered affordable to the target population and hitherto fluid be a profitable business? a. Among the different price groups for a burger, which will be most preferably spent by majority of the population surveyed? b. How many servings is the majority of the population surveyed able to play out per meal? Objectives of the guide The general objective of this paper is to evaluate th e feasibility of an innovative new business establishment to be called Jumbleger in terms of target market acceptance, profit gain and overall future performance.The following are its specific objectives 1. To determine which among the following groups compose majority of the population surveyed. 2. To evaluate if an innovative new concept of a burger business significantly acceptable to the target market. 3. To identify the ingredients most preferred by the population surveyed. 4. To determine if the new concept burger be considered affordable to the target population and yet still be a profitable business. 5. To derive recommendations for pull ahead improvement of the business. Scope and Limitation of the StudyThe demographic profile as well as the needs and wants of the proposed target market shall be further identified and discussed in the study, in order to asses whether the proposed business would gain impact in the proposed market location. Also, such study shall determine t he preferences and level of satisfaction of the proposed market with regard to their food consumption particularly with burgers. The target markets of the proposed business are customers who are frequent in St. Thomas Square, Morayta, more particularly the students from different universities, colleges, critique centers and business establishments situated in that vicinity.

Army Regulation Essay Example for Free

legions Regulation EssayChain of moderatea. The set up of moderate assists commanders at alone levels to achieve their primary(a) function of processing the wholes puted mission while caring for personnel and property in their charge. A simple and betoken chain of command facilitates the transmittal of orders from the highest to the lowest levels in a token(prenominal) of time and with the least chance of misinterpretation. The command channel extends upward in the same manner for matters requiring authoritative communication from pendant to senior. b. Commanders ar trustworthy for everything their command does or fails to do. However, commanders subdivide responsibility and self-confidence and assign portions of both to various subordinate commanders and staff members. In this way, a proper degree of responsibility becomes inherent in each command echelon. Commanders delegate sufficient chest to Soldiers in the chain of command to put to death their assigned dut ies, and commanders whitethorn hold these Soldiers responsible for their actions. Commanders who assign responsibility and authority to their subordinates still retain the boilersuit responsibility for the actions of their commands.c. Proper use of the chain of command is vital to the over tout ensemble effectiveness of the ground forces. Commanders must deliver all their Soldiers with its existence and proper function. Effective communication amid senior and subordinate Soldiers at bottom the chain of command is crucial to the proper functioning of all social units. in that locationfore, Soldiers will use the chain of command when communicating issues and problems to their leaders and commanders.Open entre policiesCommanders will establish an open door policy within their commands. Soldiers be responsible to ensure that the commander is made awargon of problems that affect discipline, morale, and mission effectiveness and an open door policy allows members of the command to present facts, concerns, and problems of a personal or professional nature or early(a)wise issues that the Soldier has been unable to locate. The timing, conduct, and specific procedures of the open door policy are determined by the commander. He orshe is responsible for ensuring that Soldiers are aware of the commands open door policy.Performance counsellorCommanders will ensure that all members of their command receive timely performance talk over. Effective performance counseling of officers, noncommissioned officers (NCO), en argumented Soldiers, and DA civilian employees helps to ensure that they are prepared to carry out their duties efficiently and accomplish the mission. AR 6233 and AR 690400 contain counseling requirements in conjunction with the evaluation describe systems. Unit commanders will determine the timing and specific methods used to provide guidance and direction by dint of counseling. FM 622 provides advice and makes suggestions concerning effective c ounseling. Providing regular and effective performance counseling to all Soldiers, not just those whose performance fails to meet unit standards, is a command function. completely commanders will ensure that their subordinate commanders have implemented and are maintaining an effective performance counseling program.Staff or technical channelStaff or technical channels may be used for sending reports, information, or operating instructions not involving variations from command policy and directives.Command of installations, activities, and unitsa. Responsibility. The senior regularly assigned united States the States officer present for duty normally has responsibility for the command of units, platoon level and above, except as shown in paragraphs 28a, 215, and 216. b. Command of installations. Command of host installations is subject to policies, procedures, and regulations promulgated by HQDA.(1) Command of array installations is recitald by a senior commander (SC). The SC is designated by senior Army leadership. The SCs command authority over the installation derives from the Chief of Staff, Army (CSA) and Secretary of the Armys (SA) authority over installations. This is a direct delegation of command authority for the installation to the SC. The SCs command authority includes all politics inherent in command including the authority to ensure the maintenance of favorable order and discipline for theinstallation. (2) Army installations are identified in one of two categories as follows (a) readinesss managed by Installation charge Command (IMCOM). Installations that are managed by IMCOM are discussed in paragraph b(4)(e), below.(b) Installations not managed by IMCOM. Installations that are not managed by IMCOM are discussed in paragraph 25b(4)(f), below.(3) Joint tail ends. Army installations designated for perplexity under Department of Defense ( defence force) Joint Basing 6 AR 60020 18 March 2008 counseling shall be operated in full complian ce with DOD requirements. In the event of a discrepancy between this regulation and the DOD policies or procedures for Joint basing, the DOD policies or procedures take precedence. (4) Roles and responsibilities.(a) Senior commander. The SC is normally the senior general officer at the installation. The SCs mission is the care of Soldiers, Families, and Civilians, and to enable unit readiness. While the delegation of senior command authority is direct from HQDA, the SC will routinely resolve installation issues with IMCOM and, as needed, the associated ACOM, Army service component command (ASCC), or direct reporting unit (DRU). The SC uses the garrison as the primary organization to provide services and resources to customers in support of accomplishing this mission. All applicable commands support the SC in the execution of SC responsibilities therefore, the SC is the supported commander by the IMCOM region director (RD), the garrison and tenants. The SC1. Normally is a dual-hatted position. When this occurs the commander exercises discrete authorities as the SC and as a mission commander. The SC responsibilities and authorities are installation focused the responsibilities and authorities as the mission commander are mission focused.2. Can, in rare cases, be an HQDA-appointed civilian versus a uniformed SC, who will assume the SC roles and responsibilities with the exception of UCMJ and command authority. In these instances, the individual will be referred to as the senior manager. Prior to the appointment of the senior manager, command and UCMJ authorities for the installation will be specified.3. Is responsible for synchronizing and integrating Army priorities and initiatives at the installation. On IMCOM managed installations there is a requirement for a strong collaborative birth between the SC and the IMCOM RD. The SC commands the installation but reenforcement of most all installation activities flows by means of with(predicate) the RD.4. Assumes the duties and responsibilities of the installation commander where that title is mentioned in U.S. Code or DOD or Army policies and regulations.5. Assumes the duties and responsibilities of the senior mission commander where that title is mentioned in Army regulations except for regulations involving functional duties and responsibilities. Mission commanders will retain operational duties and responsibilities.6. Unless prohibited by law or regulation, the SC may delegate, as necessary, assigned duties and responsibilities to the garrison commander (GC). Such delegation shall be made in pen and specifically state the duties and responsibilities so delegated and the termination date of the delegation.7. Establishes installation priorities among all resident and supported units.8. Prioritizes base operations support consistent with HQDA priorities and approved common levels of support (CLS) bands.9. Oversees the CLS services and capabilities provided to customers. Ensuring that thos e services are provided within the HQDA guidance, designated priorities, and approved CLS bands and coordinates with the IMCOM RD to change HQDA approved CLS from green, amber, or red.10. Approves and submits the installation master plan consistent with HQDA long-range plans and goals with the ACOMS, ASCCs or DRUs, and IMCOM. For IMCOM installations the SC collaborates with the IMCOM RD before the SC submits the installation master plan.11. Approves the military construction, Army (MCA) and military construction, Army Reserve (MCAR) childbed priority list at the installation level. For IMCOM installations the SC collaborates with the IMCOM RD before the SCapproves the MCA and MCAR project priority list for the installation. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers executes MCA/MCAR projects for the Army.12. Reviews and approves the prioritization of Family and installation programs. For IMCOM installations the SC collaborates with the IMCOM RD before the SC approves Family and installatio n programs for the installation.13. Installation force protection (FP) is as follows (a) continental United States (CONUS) SC as directed by U.S. Army North (USARNORTH) and in coordination with the installation management headquarters (IMCOM and Non- IMCOM), oversees FP on the installation (b) outside continental United States (OCONUS) SC in coordination with the ASCC and IMCOM is responsible for FP oversight on the installation.14. Is normally designated as a General judge Convening Authority (GCMCA). The GCMCA orders will specify the appellate and examine channels for SC GCMCA actions.15. The appellate and review authority for administrative actions taken by the SC pertaining to individual Soldiers and DA Civilians will flow through ACOM, ASCC, or DRU channels unless otherwise specified in Army regulations. The terms bordering superior authority, next higher authority, next higher commander, and next higher headquarters as used in other Army regulations, mean ACOM, ASCC, or DRU commander or headquarters.16. Serves as the senior Army representative to the ring community.17. Senior rates the GC.(b) Garrison commander. The GC is a military officer, lieutenant colonel or colonel, selected by HQDA. The GC commands the garrison, is the SCs senior executive for installation activities, is rated by the IMCOM RD, and is senior rated by the SC. The GC is responsible for day-to-day operation and management of installations and base support services. The GC ensures that installation services and capabilities are provided in accordance with HQDA AR 60020 18 March 2008 7directed programs, SC guidance, CLS, and IMCOM guidance. The GC provides additional service support in accordance with HQDA directives and provides reimbursable services in accordance with memorandum of understanding or agreement (MOU/MOA). The GC is responsible to deliver Family andinstallation programs, coordinates and integrates the economy of support from other service providers, and obtains SC a pproval of the installation master plan. The GC may be appointed as a compend Courts-Martial Convening Authority or the Special Courts-Martial convening authority for the installation and its support area in rare cases the GC may be appointed as GCMCA. In some cases, the senior formalized on an installation may be the garrison manager. A garrison manager (the civilian same of a GC has the same responsibility and authority as the military counterpart with the exception of UCMJ and command authority. Prior to the appointment of the garrison manager, command and UCMJ authorities for the garrison will be specified. The GC responsibilities are1. Represents the Army and the installation in the surrounding community as directed by the SC. 2. Approves and issues garrison policies in accordance with respective Army regulations, or installation level policies involving tenant units as directed by the SC.3. Approves and issues policies for IMCOM civilian workforce.4. Develops and implements the Force Protection Program.5. Supports mobilization station requirements.(c) The ACOM, ASCC, or DRU on IMCOM managed installations.1. set up to IMCOM a prioritized list of MCA/MCAR projects and requirements that impact subordinate units to support the development of the military construction (MILCON) program and the program objective memorandum.2. Provide IMCOM with subordinate mission priority requirements for MILCON and base operations.3. Identify to IMCOM, through the CLS process and other requirements development processes, the infallible levels of garrison support needed to meet mission requirements. Also, identify to IMCOM any support requirements not include in CLS services. Collaborate with IMCOM in developing garrison support requirements that are applicable to all garrisons.4. approximate the effectiveness of installation services and support and participate in the prioritization of these services and support.5. Responsible for mobilization of subordinates as specifi ed in AR 1087. 6.Provide prioritization requirements for information technology and training enabler support to IMCOM. 7. Responsibilities for FP are (a) OCONUS The Geographic Combatant commander exercises Combatant Command (Command Authority) (COCOM) authority over all aspects of FP in the AOR and delegates authority for FP as deemed appropriate and necessary. This includes all aspects of FP on Army installations without exception (b) CONUS Commander, USNORTHCOM has tactical control (for FP) over all DOD personnel and assets in the AOR. USARNORTH is designated as USNORTHCOMs ASCC the authority to execute the FP mission in CONUS is delegated from Commander, USNORTHCOM(1) USARNORTH has direct command and control authority over commands when executing FP responsibilities for installations/facilities (FP reporting commands/SCs when executing FP responsibilities for installations/facilities) (2) USARNORTH has a supported/ documentation relationship with commands not executing responsibi lities for installations/facilities (FP supporting commands). (d) Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Management. The ACSIM is the proponent for all Army installations and in this capacity is responsible for installation policy development and implementation Armywide. The ACSIM does not exercise command authority over Army installations.1. The ACSIM ensures that real property accountability and reporting is implemented at all installations (see AR 40545).2. The ACSIM manages HQDA level MILCON in accordance with HQDA priorities and guidance.3. The ACSIM is the proponent for environmental policy Armywide. (e) Installation Management Command. The ACSIM is dual-hatted as the Commander of IMCOM. IMCOM is a DRU reporting to the ACSIM as described in AR 1087. IMCOM manages Army installations assigned to it. IMCOM executes installation readiness missions, provides equitable services and facilities, optimizes resources, sustains the environment, and enhances the well-being of the milit ary community. IMCOM is accountable for the efficient delivery of installation services and support. The IMCOM is responsive to ACOMs, ASCCs, and DRUs through a supporting to supported relationship.1. IMCOM commands the garrisons assigned to it.2. IMCOM and its subordinate organizations are supporting commands to the SCon IMCOM installations. There is a requirement for a strong collaborative relationship between the SC and the IMCOM RD. The SC commands the installation but funding of almost all installation activities flows through the RD.3. The relationship between IMCOM and the commands of tenant organizations is analogous to the supporting to supported command relationship described in Joint Doctrine.4. The IMCOM RD rates the GC.5. IMCOM ensures compliance with HQDA directed programs and CLS bands. IMCOM staffs and coordinates with 8 AR 60020 18 March 2008HQDA funding requests for garrison support requirements identified by ACOM, ASCC, or DRUs that are not included in CLS servic es.6. There is a difference between command relationship in CONUS and OCONUS for IMCOM installations. These relationships are depicted in common fig 21..

Factional Distillation of Crude Oil Essay Example for Free

Factional Distillation of Crude petroleum EssayThis parade is called fragmentary distillation. You basically heat crude anele up, let it vaporize and then condense the dehydration The various components of crude oil hurl different sizes, weights and boiling temperatures so, the first step is to separate these components. Because they have different boiling temperatures, they can be separated easily by a process called fractional distillation. The steps of fractional distillation are as follows 1. You heat the mixture of two or more(prenominal) substances ( smooth-spokens) with different boiling refers to a high temperature. Heating is usually done with high pressure steam clean to temperatures of about 1112 degrees Fahrenheit / 600 degrees Celsius. 2. The mixture boils, forming vapor (gases) most substances go into the vapor phase. 3. The vapor enters the bottom of a long newspaper column (fractional distillation column) that is filled with trays or plates. The trays ha ve many holes or bubble caps (like a loosened cap on a soda bottle) in them to allow the vapor to pass through. They extend the contact time between the vapor and the liquids in the column and help to collect liquids that form at various heights in the column.There is a temperature difference across the column (hot at the bottom, cool it at the top). 4. The vapor rises in the column. 5. As the vapor rises through the trays in the column, it cools. 6. When a substance in the vapour reaches a height where the temperature of the column is equal to that substances boiling point, it will condense to form a liquid. (The substance with the lowest boiling point will condense at the highest point in the column substances with higher boiling points will condense lower in the column. ). 7.The trays collect the various liquid fractions. 8. The accumulate liquid fractions may pass to condensers, which cool them further, and then go to storage tanks, or they may go to other areas for further chemical processing. Components of the Mixture Crude Oil Components All the . Product Boiling point ( degrees Celsius ) Petroleum gas 40 Naphtha or ligroin 60-100 gaseous stateoline 40 205 Kerosene 175-325 Gas oil 250-350 Lubricating oil 300-370 Heavy gas 370-600 Residues 600 Products of Separation Assessment Question Why is the mixture separated?What are the components utilize for? Why is Mixture Separated? 42393793 161b What are the Components Used For? Below is a list of separated components and what they are used for Petroleum gas Used for heating, cooking and making plastics. Commonly known by the label methane, ethane, propane, butane. Naphtha or Ligroin Intermediate that will be further processed to make gasoline. Gasoline Motor fuel. liquid Kerosene Fuel for jet engines and tractors starting corporal for making other products. liquid Gas Oil or Diesel DistillateUsed for diesel fuel and heating oil starting material for making other products. liquid Lubricating Oil Used for motor oil, grease, other lubricants. liquid Heavy Gas or Fuel oil Used for industrial fuel starting material for making other products. liquid Residuals Coke, asphalt, tar, waxes starting material for making other products.

Emotional Quotient And Spiritual Intelligence In The Workplace Essay Example for Free

Emotional Quotient And spectral Intelligence In The Workplace EssayAs the world progresses and advances towards globalization, the global economy is demanding for the existence of well- grappled companies and organizations. Responding to this demand, organizations atomic number 18 trying to find to a greater extent effective formula that will enhance or improve their discoverputs. devil of the latest discoveries that attract companies and organizations ar the concepts of emotional and spiritual instruction of their humane resources. More and more companies are integrating the said formula in their programs and action plans as they recognize the need of these concepts that were long been neglected. In this paper, we will analyze the arguments of two chosen articles which focus on Emotional Intelligence (Must Have EQ by Anthony Landale) and spectral Intelligence (The Practical Application of Spiritual Intelligence in the Workplace by Mike George). Anthony Landale, in his a rticle entitled Must Have EQ, argued that Emotional Intelligence or EQ (Emotional Quotient) the key for an organization to meet the challenge of getting people work together more effectively (Landale, Andrew Feb/March 2007, page 24).In promissory note with this, the author presented his stand in four snuff it points. First, he argued that EQ is vital in keeping the organization or team sections intact. Second, he argued that separately team member must be suit equal to learn how to manage our emotions by constantly checking our confess individual behaviors. Landale made it clear that behaviors are innate in humans and that every some oneness(a) has his take in set of good and bad behaviors. Relative to this, a person who has high emotional news program is able to manage even the undesirable behaviors by expressing them in the right place, time and manner.Third, Landale argued that EQ teaching requires empathy, which is lay oneself in the place of others. This means that one is required to constantly deal with others at work, learn to jell as needed and be able to adapt with the mail service. Lastly, the author stressed that communication is vital in the development of emotional intelligence and of keeping the organization healthy. To be able to do this, every member must maintain an open and honest communication. It was also stressed that a two-way communication line is required which means that feedback to and from worry must be kept working.Emotional intelligence is therefore mensurable according to the persons skill of managing his or her emotions and behaviors be shake EQ is actually Self-Management. In partnership with EQ, a company must also train its human resources to develop Spiritual Intelligence (SQ). The author center his arguments on the operable applications of SQ especially in the workplace because SQ development focuses on the three deepest motivations of humans creativity, meaning and purpose (George, Mike 2006, page 3).The author argued that since Spiritual Intelligence directly work with these three human motivations, SQ development will definitely make a company a vibrant workplace. If a persons SQ is well- veritable, he will be able to have a clear sense of his individuation and a definite purpose. Spiritual intelligence enables a person to survive with integrity by stage setting a good example. Because SQ gives the individual the power the flexibility to adapt to the environment, a person with high SQ is able to be cool and focused even in a stressful situation.By developing ones self-awareness, a person with high SQ also will have the power to find the cause of his emotions, its meanings and be able to manage them. This in turn will develop ones empathy. Spiritual intelligence focuses on the development on a persons efficiency to fight the self in order for him to adapt to changes. Finally, development of spiritual intelligence enables a person to recognize the non-material worldly concern of his being that is humans have non-material needs which when recognized alleviates lifes insecurity.If cognitive intelligence is close to thinking and emotional intelligence is to the highest degree feeling, then spiritual intelligence is roughly being (McMullen, Brian 2003). In line with the arguments of Landale and George, this statement is parallel with their point of view that EQ has something to do with self-management time SQ deals with self-awareness of the non-material reality of the being. In the modern world, people are inclined to boosting their cognitive intelligence (IQ) as this may seem the metre device for ones success in life.But the real working world does not acknowledge the wideness of IQ alone, rather the development of all four basic intelligences that define the happy individual. IQ appears to be related to minimum standards to enter a given a profession (Wiggleswoth, Cindy ). In line with Landales claim that EQ is of managing emotions, a study of sto re managers in retail mountain chain proved that cost-efficient management of emotions especially with stress is important for success (Cherniss, Cary 2000). However Cherniss stressed that this is provided one aspect of the complex scope of emotional intelligence.He said that emotional intelligence has as much to do with knowing when and how to express emotion as it do with controlling it. This statement corroborates Landales idea that EQ is of acknowledging and identifying the emotions and learning how to express them in a proper behavior (Landale, Andrew 2007, page 24). The importance of this aspect of EQ was proven worthwhile in modern organizations as with the experiment done in the US navy wherein researchers found that the most effective leaders in the US Navy were warmer, more outgoing, emotionally expressive, dramatic, and sociable (Barsade, S. t. al 1998).Another aspect of emotional intelligence is empathy which is proven by researchers that it contributes to occupation al success (Cherniss, Cary 2000). This is the aspect that overlaps with the concept of spiritual development which also acknowledges the importance of empathy in recognizing the cause of the emotions and be able to utilize them in adapting to changes. EQ is the development of the capacity for self-control and the ability to respond with esthesia and empathy (Oxford Leadership Academy).This is also important if a manager or someone in the organization would ilk to positively influence the work behaviors of other members. A practical application of this as cited in one article is that ones effectiveness can influence others depending on ones ability to connect with them particularly of understanding the feelings of others (Goleman, Daniel 1999). To effectively influence others we also need to be able to manage our own emotions.Connected to EQ development is the spiritual intelligence which centers on developing the skills of the person in managing the inner self or the non-material reality of ones being as claimed by George. sensation author defined spiritual intelligence as the ability to behave with Compassion and Wisdom while maintaining inner and outer peace (equanimity) regardless of the circumstances (Wigglesworth, Cindy).Since compassion encompasses the ability to understand the feelings of others, as what empathy suggests, the concepts of EQ and SQ therefore work together towards the complete success of a person and the organization where he belongs. The practical point of this is that when someone is emotionally and spiritually intelligent, he will be able to make the most out of his skills, emotions, behaviors and traits in managing himself and in turn will give him the power to positively connect with others.That optimism is brought about by the fact that the person, with empathy and compassion, understands the emotions of others which give him the ability to stay calm and focused no matter what the situation brings. Relative to Georges argument th at spiritual intelligence in necessary for a person to live a life with integrity and in line with the clear purpose, one author has the same perspective. tally to 1Wigglesworth, spiritual intelligence development encompasses self and universal awareness including the ego and social mastery.In the management world, spiritually intelligent manager is a owlish and effective change agent who makes compassionate and wise decisions. Wigglesworth further said that SQ enables managers to have the calming and healing presence in the midst of stressful workplace. In contrast with George who did not acknowledge the importance of communication in the development of SQ, Landale stressed that EQ development requires a manager to prioritize the giving and receiving of feedbacks (Landale, Anthony 2007).Connecting with other members of the organization builds and cultivates relationships and that can only be attainable when open communication is active in the organization. Putting the essentials of emotional and spiritual intelligence, we clearly draw out the idea that the development of these basic intelligences focus on relationships which is especially important in building an effective, efficient working environment. The human resources of the organization are its most valuable assets so it is vital that that training and development should include the wholeness of their being.Companies of the modern economy is already recognizing the fact the business is not all about making money, rather it encompasses the building of organization members with multiple intelligence. An organization with personnel, especially leaders, who have well developed cognitive, emotional and spiritual intelligence, is a happy and enthusiastic working environment. Developing the emotional and spiritual intelligence is the answer to the intangible needs of the organization healthy working relationships.

Bolivia’s Indigenous Political Voice Essay Example for Free

Bolivias autochthonal semi policy-making Voice EssayThe full em forefingerment of the policy-making voice of the natural good deal of Bolivia is symbolized by the election of Evo Morales, the countrys first native President. How did an Aymaran Indian coca farmer, the most marginalized, discriminated, and impoverished people in Latin America finally won constraint of the political baron to change the lives of all the peoples of Bolivia? How did the natal people overpower the 500 year hoary political, sparing and social institutions that exploited and degraded their country?The signifi stubce of this victory has implications not only for the autochthonal people and citizens of Bolivia but withal to the opposite indigenous people around the world, other Latin American and developing countries, black African Americans and even to the U. S. and EU majority citizens whose tax dollars pay for the implementation of imperialisticic policies but be ignorant or apathetic on how the corporatocracy of America impoverish and kill other citizens around the world (Perkins, 2005). Petras (2004) has described the mass movement in Bolivia as iodine of the most great mass anti-imperialist movement in modern history, second only to Cuba.This is a big departure from the anti-globalization movements in North America by human remediates activists, environmentalists and NGOs which only increases educational mindfulness but subscribe no political or economic impact at all to the Imperialists. Due to the breakal impact and significance of the Political Voice of the Indigenous people, the paper aims to discuss the proactive actions of Indigenous people and the confluence of events which shifted the real power from the light minority in Bolivia to the Indigenous majority.Furthermore, it is prodigious to note that Petras (2004) insight to the sustainability of the mass movement in Bolivia can also be related to the sustainability of Bolivias New Indigenous go vernment. Petras stated that the anti-imperialist movement in Bolivia is sustainable because inherent class struggles of peasants and urban workers are embedded in the movement. The mass- found leadership and its say connection to the struggles of the people prevent the betrayal of the movement from bourgeoise nationalists who are vulnerable to the seduction of the elite and strange imperialist governments.Therefore, for the Bolivian Indigenous government to survive, it must stay anti-imperialist and establish institutions, political instruments and polices that would make it near against the attacks and at the kindred time strengthen its linkage to the struggles and daily lives of its people (Petras, 2004). This truth is affirmed by the current Indigenous president in his inaugural speech in 2006, You cast off to control me. You stick out to control me. I may make a mistake but I will not betray you. Most importantly, the paper highlights how the Indigenous knowledge and cu ltural values overhear provided Bolivia, an alternative material for economic nurture, industrialization and management of natural re point of references. In addition, the solutions to promote solidarity and nationalism to Bolivias multi-ethnic and geographically divided cosmos (which is also being attacked by the right-wing elite backed by the U. S. government) is form in the Indigenous Catholic perform.In the past, the church building served as the catalyst for Bolivias mass movement. Today, the Indigenous Church continues to play a vital role in unifying Bolivian citizens. Lord Acton has tell Christianitys capacity to transcend national differences, at least among believers. Its universalism, he noted, enabled nations to live together under the same authority, without necessarily losing their cherished habits, their customs, or their legal philosophys. (Jusdanis, 2001, p. 198)Another important source for the forging of Bolivian Nationalism is the well-set social democra tic state led by Evo Morales which will assert its legitimacy and sovereignty, through equitable distribution of wealthiness and education and health reforms. As Lord Acton explained, A nation is a chaste and political being not the creation of geographical or physiological unity but positive in the course of history by the action of the State. It is derived from the State, not supreme over it.That the state should raven nationality was in his opinion essential for the maintenance of liberty and prosperitythe opposite of Herders belief that the state should gain out of the nation. (Jusdanis, 2001, p. 198) Furthermore, solidarity reinforced through common experience of colonialism and imperialism has move Bolivia, South America, and Third cosmea countries to create political instruments and institutions such as ALBA, Mercosur, Telesur, G22 to protect their respective countries sovereignty which is necessary for the attainment of an equitable and match economic growth(Morales , 1992).I. Background on Bolivia Bolivia is known for its extraordinary geography, the Tibet of South America extreme pauperization despite rich natural resources, Beggar sitting on a throne of riches extreme racism and exploitation of the majority by few wealthy elites and by transnational corporations backed by an imperialist government, Economic slavery and Apartheid lives in Bolivia . However, these facts alone do not convey what is most significant about Bolivia, the extraordinary spirit of its Indigenous people.They never gave up and mounted 150 to 200 coups against conquest in its clx years of independent history (Morales, 1992, p. 200). Furthermore, the Bolivian mass movement has been described by Petras (2004) as the most important anti-imperialist movement and second only to that of Cuba. The collective spirit or flori purification of the Indigenous people has proven its strength to endure 500 years of invasion and dictatorship of identity (Blanco, 2007).Despite centu ries of neglect, destruction of all cultural context or support, ethnic discrimination, starvation, cultural domination, religious conversion, racial bigotry, lack of education and health care, economic exploitation and destruction of their environment, the Andean Indian culture survives, burn in hearts and minds, towns and villages, streets and plazas ( Dowbrigade. com, 2005). After more than 500 years, Highland and Amazon indigenous people quiesce compose about two-thirds of Bolivias population.This is the highest proportion of Indians in the hemisphere. If this were true in the United States, it would be equivalent to 160 million Apaches, Hopis and Iroquois still living-time and embracing their culture despite being in a white American society (Powers, 2005). Since the 16th century Spanish conquest, Bolivias Indigenous people and natural resources have been exploited first by colonizers and then by the elite minority in collusion with multinational corporations backed by the US Imperialist government.Silver was looted by the Spaniards, then the latters descendants, the wealthy urban elites or whites looted the countrys tin and rubber. Bolivia is one of the most cast down societies in the world according to a World Bank study. Although Bolivia was long a major source of the worlds tin, the wealth from this irreplaceable resource went into the hands of a few absentee oligarchic families who lived mostly in capital of France and New York (Morales, 1992, p.xi). Moreover, the Spanish descendants or whites which are only 5-15% of the population dominated and controlled political and economic animateness for centuries and was only halted by the election of Evo Morales in December 2005. The white elites make a living as professionals, wealthy merchants, or high-ranking government officials. The racial term white is chiefly associated with socioeconomic status in Bolivia (Morales, 1992, p. 14).On the other hand Indians comprise 60% of the population and they make a living as low-income subsistence farmers, miners, small traders or artisans (Country Profile Bolivia, BBC News. com). The rest or 30% of the population are Mestizos who closely identify with the whites. The wealthy mestizos are also encouraged to marry daughters of impoverished white families so they can have educated white children and improve their status (Hudson and Hanratty, 1989. Powers (2005) aptly declares that, Bolivian apartheid or pigmentocracy of power continues to exist.In 1985, Father Gregorio Iriarte, published the following statistics Bolivia has the highest infant mortality rate in all of Latin America (213 per 1,000) and the lowest life expectancy (47 years) half the nation is undernourished, with 70 percent of the children dying ahead the age of 15 of treatable diseases of poverty more than 50 percent of the population is illiterate and the country has one of the worst distributions of wealth in the Americas (the wealthiest 5 percent control 39 percent of t he national income and the poorest 20 percent, only 2 percent)(cited in Morales, 1992, p.204). In 2005, after twenty years of U. S. Aid and humanitarian programs, IMF and World Bank structural and neo-liberal economic policies, the Bolivia majority population still live on little than $2 a day (Powers, 2005). II. What are the factors that gave rise to the Empowerment of the Political Voice of the Indigenous People of Bolivia? permit of the Catholic Church for the Indigenous People, Revitalization of the Indian Culture Waltraud Q. Morales in Bolivia Land of Struggle (1992) attributed Bolivias underdevelopment to the structure of powerlessness and lack of economic and political independence.She strongly advocated that the renewal of the nation and formation of a socio-economic model that would lift Bolivia from poverty lies in the Indian Culture (p. 202-204). Neither the defeated and decadent heritage of Spanish colonialism nor the declining, materialist imprint of North American imperialism can serve as the basis of moral renewal. The heritage that survives undefeated, whole, and vibrant is the Indian one. Unlike the Western system of wealth accumulation to the detriment of others, economic equality is integral to the indigenous vision of justice italics mine.The Aymara believe in Kuskachana or Pampachana, meaning the leveling or reestablishment of a balance. In the Aymara world view, uncontrolled growth as development is suicide, not progress and development without respect for the earth negates the sense of themselves, their personal and cultural identity. The message from ancient voices is one not of edacity or private property but of community and peoplehood italics mine (Morales, 1992, p. 204). The revitalization of the ethnic Indian culture was initiated by the Catholic Church to stimulate indigenous political activism (Cleary, 2004).In 1968, Theology of Liberation was introduced in the Latin American Bishop Medellin Conference. The Church know tha t each culture has its own integrity and must be respect and given the freedom to develop their full potential. In addition, the Church advocated against the use of traditional church practices that parent the continuation of the domination of the whites and mestizos over the Indian peasants through paternalistic and accommodative practices (e. g. sponsoring of the fiestas and indebtedness of the peasants to the patron).The church recognized that the revitalization of the Indian Culture is central to transforming Bolivian politics and society. They trained native leaders as catechists and promoted the use of native language, recovery of cultural memory and integration of the Indian cosmological view with Christian doctrines in the Bible which supported political self-determination (Cleary, 2004). Educational Centers were built and this helped raise the political cognizance of the Indigenous people encouraged them to turn outward and occupy their political space, rather than show their resistance by isolating themselves in their communities.The Indian catechists also built their sense of citizenship and recognition of their right and capacity to interact with the state instead of feeling inferior and staying outside of the political arena. They were also motivated to self-organize for their emancipation. This resulted in the flourishing of Grassroots organizations in Bolivia (Cleary, 2004). In the mid-sixties, Xavier Albo, formed CIPCA (Centro de Investigacion y Promocion del Campesinado) or Center for investigating and Promotion of Peasants.He later helped young Aymara people establish the Tupac Katarista Center which helped develop young Aymaran leaders. at heart a short span of time, these Aymarans occupied positions in several government peasant unions and also nonionic their own unions. Later on, these leaders were able to unite urban, mine, and rural workers to fight against unequal treatment and necessitate credit, education, and health services f rom the government (Cleary, 2004, p. 54). The Katarist movement and experience of other lowland grassroots organizations also influenced the Indigenous Center of Eastern Bolivia (CIDOB).CIDOB gained national prominence in 1990, when they organized the march of Indigenous people demanding territorial dominion and dignity over hundreds of kilometers across the countrys main highways to La Paz (Cleary, 2004, p. 54). Most importantly, the centers and the native church leaders through liberation theology aimed to develop community solidarity among the Indians divided by plural ethnicities, cultures, geography and economic status (Cleary, 2004). Geo-political Reality in Bolivia Geography has been the more potent force, splitting the country in half, into a land divided.Communications and transportation systems have overcome neither the barrier of the high Andes Mountains irate through the heart of the country nor the northeastern pull of the vast lowland rivers away from the highland an d toward the unexploited Amazon and Brazil. Nature itself seems in league with regionalist forces as this intricate system of piddleways leads from nowhere to nowhere. Extreme topographical diversity encourages intense racial and cultural division between the Andean highlands and the eastern, tropical lowlands.Highlanders and lowlanders are aliens in each others world (Morales, 1992, p. 4). As get ahead explained by Morales (1992), the Bolivian highlander identifies more with the other highlanders from Peru and cayenne while the Bolivian lowlander identifies more with their fellow lowlander from Brazil or Argentina (p. 4). However, this affinity of Bolivians with people from live countries can also be positive in the establishment of regional integration for the South American region to counter Imperialism. Even within related Indian communities, wide differences in custom and prepare persist.Within the Quechua nation, for instance, one can distinguish a variety of local grou ps the Tarabucos, the Chayantas, the Laimes, the Ucumaris, the Calchas, the Chaquies, the Yuras Lipes, and the Tirinas. A highlander can readily identify the region of the country and the community of an Indian by differences in dress, custom, and music (Morales, 1992). Moreover, Bolivia is subdivided into guild regional departments or provinces administratively. These departments are La Paz, Oruro, Potosi, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Tarija, Santa Cruz, Beni, and Pando.Competition for political power and economic influence have historically characterized the relationships between these departments (Morales, 1992, p. 5. ). Furthermore, Chavez (2007) added that the division between the western highlands, and eastern lowlands is also racial, and socio-economic. The Western highlands is home to the impoverished indigenous majority while the Eastern provinces is home to wealthier people of mainly Spanish descent. The Eastern provinces also hold most of the countrys natural fumble producti on and industry. Indian Culture and Values Central to the transformation of Bolivian SocietyHugo Blanco, leader of the peasant uprising in the Cuzco region of Peru in the early 1960s explains how the Indigenous cosmic vision is different from the Western outlook that views the creator as a top-notch immaterial spirit who created man in his image and likeness and created nature to serve him. For the indigenous cosmic vision, humanity is a daughter of and part of Mother Earth. We must live in her bosom in harmony with her (Blanco, 2007). Blanco is proud of the Andean-Amazon culture and states that, This culture is marked by deep knowledge of nature and is passing agricultural.Ours is one of the seven zones of the world to have originated agriculture For more than 10,000 years our culture domesticated 182 show species, including around 3,500 potato varieties. Our people know 4,500 medicinal plants. Tawantinsuyos planned agriculture based on a system of watersheds and micro watershed s or basins. They built long aqueducts, taking care to avoid land erosion. Terracing was ripe on the slopes and waru-waru in the altiplano (highlands). Special technologies were used from zone to zone.Across the entire Tawantinsuyo territory they created storage buildings (qolqa) to put up food to the population whenever some climatic shift undermined agriculture Its true that the new forms of socialism gave rise to privileged castes and wars of conquest. But in no part of the continent was production based on slave labor or the feudal system. Although there were privileged castes, hunger and misery did not exist. Orphans, persons with disabilities, and the elder were cared for by the community (Blanco, 2007). Cochabamba Water War 2000Alturalde (2006) imparted that the indigenous people view water as life and gift from Mother Earth. When the World Bank and IMF in Bolivia imposed the privatization of water on the Bolivian government, Aguas del Tunari (ADT), the subsidiary the US- based Bechtel was awarded the contract which included sources of water that belonged to the Indigenous people since ancient times. When ADT announced an increase in water rates, which the Indigenous people could not afford, the latter in massive numbers went to Cochabamba to protest.Anger was already simmering due to the structural policies of the IMF which deprived them of much needed government services. The additional privatization of water which made it unaffordable to the poor indigenous people and the directive not even to save rainwater provoked vehement reactions. Hundreds of people were injured in the water war. This disaster also made the people aware of the lack of recognition of the legal rights of the Indigenous people and their lack of strong political representation in Congress to defend their interests (Alurralde, 2006). Indigenous Alternative to PrivatizationIn 2002, Bolivias Consejo Interinstitucional del Agua (interinstitutional water council) asked organizations for research on how to break the water conflict. The Comision para la Gestion Integral del Agua en Bolivia (commission for integrated water management in Bolivia) proposed a highly inclusive participatory process which would involve the use of the best possible learning in determining the solution that would be in the best interest of the nation. (Alurralde , 2006). Numerous workshops for Indigenous communities in different parts of the country were held.To ensure that the new law would reflect the agreement on these meetings, the Ministry of sustainable Development and Planning, and Parliaments Environment Commission were also included. The workshop organizers used Mike Basin, a computer modelling program to analyze the impact of the ends. They used the data proposed by the government which is assigning individual rights based on a fixed discharge. The also used the data of the daily water allotment by Indigenous communities under the traditional communal system.The results o f the computer model showed that the traditional system allocated water much more efficiently and equitably, although it was not completely free of waste. The findings provided the foundation for key sections of Bolivias new irrigation law which was passed by Parliament in 2004 (Alurralde, 2006). Many Indigenous peoples have a long history of utilize water wisely. By incorporating their views into the policy-making process, existing policies are strengthened (Alurralde, 2006). Nationalization of Natural gunmanThe Gas War erupted from September to October 2003. These popular protests for the equitable distribution of the benefits of the countrys vast natural gas compelled the resignation of two presidents and the election of Evo Morales. The protests originated from the privatization of President Sanchez de Lozada of the gas and oil companies in 1996 under the orders of the IMF and World Bank. The proposal to sell liquid natural gas to the international markets through Chile, to wh om their coastline was lost in the 18th century, further stoked the anger of the population.These people were already protesting the lack of transparency in the contracts and their impoverished condition compared to the visible wealth of the international companies and elites who controlled their countrys natural resources. In the National referendum on the gas issue on 2004, majority voted for greater state control and change magnitude revenue for the state. In 2006, by Supreme orderliness 28701, President Morales nationalized the countrys gas and oil industry (Hodges, 2007). This form of nationalization involved higher(prenominal) tax payments by petroleum companies and the renegotiation of contracts rather than expropriation.Due to these changes, income increased nine times from 2002 to 2007. In 2003 petrol companies paid an estimated $173 million US dollars in tax to the Bolivian government compared to 2007 payment of $1. 57 one thousand million dollars (Hodges, 2007). Thes e protests against specific issues of water, and gas and the visibility of the IMF and World Bank in imposing privatization and structural adjustment policies increased the growing awareness of the population of the direct linkage of their class struggles (urban workers and peasants) to macro-economic imperialist policies of the U.S. and the white local elites (Petras, 2004). These unite the multi-ethnic and diverse urban workers, miners, and rural peasants to a common struggle to oust the puppet regimes of imperialist governments and install an indigenous President. Opening of Opportunities to Participate in the Political Process Aside from the Catholic Churchs role in encouraging political activism, other events and people contributed to the civic education of the Indians which built their political capacity to be able to install their own Indigenous President in Bolivia.The 1952 Bolivian National Revolution led by the MNR party, which was headed by the nationalist elite depended on the strength of the indigenous people to storm the Presidential palace. The Indigenous people began to recognize the strength of the alliance between urban workers and peasants (Cleary, 2003). Victor Paz Estonssoro, returned from exile as President and introduced reforms including universal suffrage, nationalization of tin mines and land distribution, and educational reforms, and feeler of status of indigenous peoples (Country Profiles, Bolivia, BBC News).These opened up opportunities to the indigenous people to participate in the national life (Cleary, 2004, p. 53). However, these reforms were interrupted by the intervention of the U. S. and the reversal of the nationalization program. In exchange for foreign aid, policies were instituted to promote foreign participation over the extraction of the natural resources (Lernoux, 1980). Under the Vice-Presidency of Victor Cardenas, an Aymaran Indian laws were also passed to increase the political participation of the indigenous peo ple in national life.In 1994, a Constitutional Amendment was passed to define Bolivia as a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural The law of Popular Participation also recognized the indigenous form of governments of ayllu and imburvicha. normal funds were channeled for the use of these government units. Furthermore, the 1995 Law of Decentralization, created stronger municipalities and generated synergy among the grassroots organizations of the indigenous people (Cleary, 2004, p. 55). The indigenous people proactively seized and enthusiastically embraced the opportunities for self-determination.They competed against entrenched politicians who even trucked voters during elections. After decentralization, 464 indigenous leaders were elected to local councils. More than 25% of those elected served as mayors and 9 out of 130 deputies were elected to Congress (Cleary, 2004, p. 57). Cleary (2004) attributed to the above elected Indigenous leaders the widespread multicultural and bilingual educa tional system, establishment of new government agencies to serve the indigenous sector, acceptance of indigenous culture as part of the national patrimony, and the coming from shadows to prominence of Indigenous peoples in national politics (p. 57).National Unity against US Imperialism and Intervention. Waltraud Morales (1992) claims that foreign intervention undermines a countrys development because the fragmentation of nationhood due to foreign control and intervention leads to extensive social, cultural, and moral disintegration (p. 202-204). Since culture and values plays an important role in the development of Nationalism in Bolivia, it is imperative that the state be anti-imperialist.This fragmentation takes place at the administrative levels, in the press, and in cultural activities it is visible at the highest levels of population where little groups dispute the privilege of being friends of the foreigner it descends to the people when the desperation of poverty causes one t o swallow to achieving an advantage by the sacrifice of dignity.Extreme poverty facilitates colonization men in Bolivia have a lower price. There is a certain level at which poverty destroys dignity the North Americans have discovered this level and work on it in their eyes and for their pocketbook, a Bolivian costs less than an Argentine or a Chilean. (Morales, 1992, p. 202).